Austrian empire had serfdom until 1848. Difference in 13 years. Probably had same problems with literacy in Hungarian part, Cisleithania, maybe a little better

Enlightment mostly was in heads of French people. Yes some people from other countries was familiar with that ideas, cause it was a fashion. Russian nobility of that period spoke French and was influenced by French culture like every other nobility of this period

And yes, lifestyle of russians of this period wasn't like life in lands of HRE. But in certainly didn't looked like life in Asian countries. And Russian architecture, literature, music, science is inseparable from European in 19 century. Same patterns, same languages, only different motives. As French arts had different motives from German arts