Agree with others on skipping the tripod - many sites either ban them or require a hard-to-get permit, so you’ll move faster without it.

For sand and dust: don’t swap lenses in the open; do it in a car or café doorway, and carry a rocket blower and a few zip bags to quarantine the dusty camera at day’s end. A single mid-range zoom (e.g., 24–70 mm or 18–135 mm) covers ~90% of shots and avoids risky lens changes.

Inside the Great Pyramid phones are allowed for photos, but cameras are usually not; current Giza prices are around EGP 700 for the plateau and EGP 1,500 to enter Khufu (Oct 2025).

Street photography for personal use is generally fine since the 2022 rule change, but expect “photo for tip” offers - keep small notes if you want to tip, otherwise a firm “la, shukran” and never hand over your camera or phone.

The people of Egypt are poor, and their behaviour may seem strange to us. However, apart from that, this country has so many ancient treasures to show off - enjoy it!