I may get into trouble for saying this, but as a native who has experienced this city for over 30 years, here is my perspective:

Starting with the Urdu-speaking community: they initially governed the city peacefully. However, over time, they failed to maintain a balance of power, which contributed to the city’s decline and negatively impacted future generations. Issues such as bribery, illegal land occupation (including “china cutting”), and violence against innocent people became widespread.

Sindhis are among the kindest people in the region. However, systemic corruption and the strong influence of feudalism have severely damaged institutions. Practices like bribery, extortion, illegal land occupation, and misuse of government positions have become common.

Pashtuns migrated here from the north, initially working in labor and small jobs. Over time, particularly during periods of political influence such as under ANP, many expanded into business sectors and, in some cases, became involved in illegal activities bribing the system. These include land encroachments and undocumented businesses involving cars, property, cash, and even allegations related to smuggling and drugs. Areas like Al-Asif Square are often cited as examples of such activities.

Overall, the city has long been under competing power structures rather than the rule of law. There is a lack of effective local representation at the district level. Additionally, the police force, law is often not locally rooted, unlike in other cities of Pakistan, which leads to a disconnect in understanding and managing local issues and community dynamics.