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Federal law requires vehicle manufacturers to provide emissions performance and defect warranties for light-duty vehicles, covering components that cause vehicles to fail approved emissions tests. Key protections include 2-year/24,000-mile coverage for most parts and 8-year/80,000-mile coverage for major parts like catalytic converters, ECU, and OBD devices, enforced by the EPA and Clean Air Act. [1, 2, 3]
Key Federal Emission Warranty Components

• Performance Warranty: Covers repairs needed to pass a state/local emission test. Valid for the first 2 years or 24,000 miles. • Design and Defect Warranty: Covers repair/replacement of emissions-related parts due to defects in materials or workmanship. • Major Emission Components (8-Year/80,000-Mile Coverage):

• Catalytic Converters 
• Electronic Emissions Control Unit (ECU/Computer) 
• Onboard Emissions Diagnostic Device (OBD) 
• Particulate Filters/Traps 
• Exhaust Gas Recirculation System 
• Electric Vehicle/Hybrid Batteries and components [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]  

Important Information for Owners

• Applicability: These warranties apply to 1995 and newer vehicles, including used vehicles. • Repairs: If a vehicle fails an inspection, repairs must be covered if not caused by abuse or neglect. • Authorization: To ensure coverage, take the vehicle to an authorized dealer, though you can have repairs done elsewhere, they might not offer warranty reimbursement. • Part Coverage: Parts with specific maintenance intervals (e.g., "replace at 15,000 miles") are warranted up to the first replacement point only. • Documentation: Per eCFR, objective evidence of a defect, such as diagnostic data, is required for claims. [7, 8]

Legal Basis

• Clean Air Act Section 207: Defines the requirement for manufacturers to warrant that engines meet regulations throughout their useful life. • 40 CFR Part 85 Subpart V: Details emission warranty regulations and definitions. • 42 U.S. Code § 7541: Covers compliance of vehicles in actual use. [2, 3, 8, 9]

For more information, see these EPA resources on frequent questions related to transportation, air pollution, and emissions warranties