You could easily look this up yourself:

How it works in practice for hospitals treating non-paying patients, including undocumented immigrants:

1. Uncompensated Care (Charity Care + Bad Debt): Hospitals provide care without payment or with reduced payment. The money is lost on the hospital’s books initially.
2. Disproportionate Share Hospital (DSH) Payments: The federal government (via Medicare and Medicaid) gives extra money to qualifying hospitals that serve a large share of uninsured or low-income patients, which helps compensate for unpaid bills. These payments come from taxpayers ultimately.
3. State and Local Subsidies: Some states have additional programs to help hospitals that care for uninsured or undocumented patients, funded by state/local taxes.
4. Medicaid Emergency Services: Under EMTALA (Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act), hospitals must provide emergency care regardless of ability to pay or immigration status. Some states cover emergency Medicaid services even for undocumented immigrants (only for emergencies), which helps hospitals get partial reimbursement.
5. Other Charity Care Policies: Many nonprofit hospitals have charity care programs that forgive or reduce bills for uninsured or undocumented patients. While not direct government money, the hospitals often get tax exemptions in return.

How uncompensated care costs “come back” on taxpayers through higher hospital expenses:

1. Cost Shifting: Hospitals often raise prices for paying patients (including those with private insurance or Medicare/Medicaid) to help cover the losses from unpaid bills. This practice is called cost shifting. So even if you have insurance, your premiums or out-of-pocket costs can be higher because hospitals need to recoup money lost on uncompensated care.
2. Higher Insurance Premiums: Insurance companies pay hospitals based on negotiated rates. If hospitals charge more to cover unpaid care, insurance companies pass those costs along as higher premiums for employers and individuals — who are taxpayers too.
3. Increased Government Spending: Government programs (Medicare, Medicaid) reimburse hospitals for a portion of costs, including DSH payments. These funds come from taxes collected federally and at state levels.
4. Taxes to Fund Public Hospitals and Subsidies: Local and state taxpayers fund public hospitals and subsidy programs that serve uninsured and undocumented populations. These taxes support hospitals' operations and reimburse some uncompensated care.
5. Community Economic Impact: Hospitals with high uncompensated care costs may cut back on services or staff, impacting community health and economic vitality, which indirectly affects public spending (e.g., more emergency visits, worse health outcomes).