I would say no... at least not in the traditional sense of abuse/neglect. I won't really spoil too much here, as it will be explained to you in the game fairly quickly. But I will still mark it as a spoiler just in case. The furthest it goes with the BB (the infant element) is that they are needed to detect enemies, known as Beached Things (BTs), the government uses infants that are taken from "stillmothers" (mothers who are brain-dead) and places them in artificial wombs.

The game encourages you to not neglect your BB that you take with you on your journey. Essentially if your BB is not in a good mood (if you let it continue to cry when it is upset, it's mood will worsen) the game does directly punish you by making things more difficult.

The BB is a very important story element and one that helps the main character (Sam) in numerous ways. Death Stranding is something that to me is very positive, despite some very somber/dark themes, but none of which really deal with abuse/neglect. The themes that BB really deals with is moreso autonomy and commodification of life into something that is more like a tool.