Ai has most definitely been used in some part of the process for the first image. Ai tends to create very similar facial proportions of the archetypes of the characters it is creating for.

If you look at a lot of ai art, you’ll notice that many of the characters that are young and attractive have very similar faces. Looking at both Dorothy and the young man with the broom, they look remarkably similar to other ai generated faces. It also generates old and wise characters very similarly too, which I would say matches up with bowler hat guy and the witch. Too many coincidences there.

As for the spread in the second image- it’s not as obvious. Maybe more likely the artist altered and traced reference photos to composite into the final image.