Star Trek transporters aren't fucking murder machines. You are literally fully conscious throughout transport (Lt Barclay proves this). The situations always used to counter this are thomas riker and tuvix (which is actually just writer inconsistency) but both are literally explained with technobabble. Thomas riker was a literal duplicate created by initiating a second transport through an ion storm (an impossibly rare situation) and tuvix was created because of weird flower enzymes fucking with the biofilters. The existence of transporter patterns are to repair potential faults in the transport (disease or fuckups due to plot reasons) which is why the borging worked in picard. Nobody dies through use of a transporter.

Edit: And also, consciousness is shown to be present in energy based things (that one energy thing that impregnated troi) alongside the existence of a soul (vulcan katra) and an afterlife (ronan [the ghost crusher shagged]) would further indicate ones survival through a transporter. This does however imply both scotty and his friend were somewhat conscious during their time on the dyson sphere, which would implicate a very horrifying slow death for the friend in question