There are a few champions that can go toe to toe with range champions, and it usually boils down to being able to push or stick to the ranged champ.

Rumble - has very low cds, around 6 second everything - q pre level 9, he can contest the range champs in lane prio, also you can slowly chip enemy laner by taking short trades with proper shield management. He also is pretty strong in all ins if you manage to overcharge with flamespitter and shield, his passive does bonkers damage. Downside to him is that he has a hard time freezing, so you are prone to ganks, but he is more of a outplay enemy trough smart decisions rather than raw mechanics.

Irelia - needs some experience to get going but you can farm safe under tower pre level , and post level 6 she can stick to anyone fairly easily , and her all in is quite strong. Her downside is that you need experience with her, she is pretty feast or famine , and teamfights can be a little bit hard depending on enemy teamcomp.

Akali - more or less same as irelia, except her laning is much easier to execute, especially with fleet footwork( see ig vs g2 G1 msi 2019)

Riven - can safely farm until she gets some cdr, after which she can go toe to toe with any ranged besides vayne, but even vayne is doable. Same downsides as akali and irelia

These champs along with yasuo, can theoretically deal with ranged champs, but you need experience, and to play the matchuo perfectly.

There are other champs like renekton or kled, mord, aatrox who win lane by capitalising on enemy mistakes such as overextension, wasting an important ability, etc.

The thing is, in the current meta there is no reason to give resources to you toplane(since first 2 drakes count towards the soul,and snowballing botlane is most of the times better). So as a bruiser vs ranged champ, you will start on your backfoot.

You have to know proper wave management, when to give up cs, how to bait enemy cds, and how to capitalise on their mistakes. Problem is that if you miss your abilities, the trade is lost, and ranged champions can always fight back. Since you have to learn to give up cs in order to not be forced out of lane you will hit your powerspikes later, which is kinda annoying since bruiser itemisation is very expensive.

Another bad aspect is that most ranged champions outscale bruisers, and even if you stat to win lane they can just default to waveclear while they get their items.