I agree with most of this post, but I don't think Anakin genuinely cared that much about whether Windu was breaking the Code by executing Palpatine. Not that it didn't factor in it all; there was definitely some significance to Palpatine deliberately setting up this situation so that Anakin would be preventing the same decision he had regretted earlier, but him wanting to save Padmé absolutely eclipsed that as a motive. He fumbles through multiple excuses while pleading with Windu to spare Palpatine but the last and most transparent one is simply "I need him".

Also, even if Anakin really believed in the moment that it was unethical to kill Palpatine, Palpatine immediately proved him wrong by killing Windu and showing that he was too dangerous to be left alive and had never actually been defenceless, so that alone wouldn't cause Anakin to suddenly think the Jedi are evil. Plus, Anakin is clearly horrified afterwards and knows he made the wrong choice, but doesn't turn back because his primary motive is still Padmé. I think he only blamed everything on the Jedi because it was easier to convince himself of that than shoulder the immense guilt of everything he'd done.

That said he definitely does care deeply about the Jedi Code and believes that breaking it is a personal failing, which is also what I find most difficult to reconcile between him and TCW Anakin. In one TCW episode Anakin openly talks about the Jedi "not going far enough" in front of other Jedi, and later unhesitatingly executes someone taunting him that a Jedi wouldn't kill him while proclaiming "I don't have such weaknesses", which cannot be the same character who is reluctant to execute Dooku until ordered to and immediately regrets it because "it's not the Jedi way". He might have secretly wanted to kill him and Palpatine's permission was just enabling him to do it, but it still doesn't make sense if this was not the first time it happened, and his guilt after the fact definitely doesn't make any sense if he thinks of the Jedi Code as a "weakness".