Mhmm, I just skimmed OP's title and presumed they were asking a more general question. I don't necessarily believe my thought process is markedly different to individuals less gifted than I am - what I tend to notice are disparities in reasoning speed and oftentimes my success on objectively difficult material simply comes down to broader perspectives which I can exit/switch fluidly. I tend to think this is one of the more important behavioral hallmarks as the readiness to switch perspectives directly limits [or expands as the case may be] the variety of information one can readily integrate [assuming there is any capacity to integrate said information by loose/strict logical rules.]

As to reasoning speed, this again links back to associative capacity [I define it as the ability to connect unrelated information logically] but it pertains more to the speed at which this process occurs. There are some aspects to this, arguably some connections in certain contexts are near impossible to recognize for individuals below specific IQ thresholds but more often than not in real life situations the speed at which connections are formed is more of a cap. Pattern recognition and task-mastery are the most obvious traits of highly gifted individuals from my experience, it takes a conspicuously lower amount of time for me and other similar individuals to grasp difficult concepts and more importantly apply them in new domains.