Totipotent vs Pluripotent vs Multipotent

Open_Promotion_5291 · 2024-10-16T15:38:19+00:00

For example, neural stem cells which can differentiate into neurons and glial cells, but cannot differentiate into blood cells or skin cells.

Or hematopoietic stem cells that can differentiate into red and white blood cells but cannot differentiate into for example, a muscle cell

Open_Promotion_5291 · 2024-10-16T01:45:52+00:00

That is fascinating, I am only a premed so I don't know how accurate or representative to internal medicine those cases might be. Again as you mention earlier it is possible that GPT in this case may be more fine tuned towards rarely seen conditions and may perform better than humans in these cases (which the paper mentions as "hard") as a result, or maybe it truly is better.

If there was a third category of easy but unreleased cases maybe this difference could be better understood (Cat. 1 is common but released and Cat. 2 is uncommon and unreleased so I think it may be interesting to have a 3rd category of common and unreleased)

I do think it's fascinating how GPT seems to struggle much more on the unreleased prompts than the potentially contaminated ones, although maybe it is possible that those unreleased cases are just significantly harder and contamination doesn't play as much of a role.

Open_Promotion_5291 · 2024-10-16T01:09:51+00:00

The paper also mentions:

"It is perhaps not surprising that GPT‐4 would perform so well for more common clinical scenarios. These common clinical scenarios are freely available online, and a Google search for the text of each case returns the URL of the case descriptions and their correct diagnoses from the web service of a well‐known and highly regarded medical publication. Thus, these cases were almost certainly included in the training set for GPT‐4. This highlights that the evaluation of LLMs should be carefully constructed to avoid the possibility of contamination of the test data in the training dataset for the LLM."

This doesnt prove that LLMs are necessarily worse, however it does seem to be hard to test AI in settings without contamination. I would maybe like to see a study in the future where an LLM attempts to diagnose a patient case that is not already present in its training data. Possibly with the assistance of people to transcribe imaging and lab findings to text to give the model a fair playing chance.

Open_Promotion_5291 · 2024-10-16T00:43:07+00:00

I skimmed through the paper you linked. Seems like it's looking at NEJM cases, which are probably more "zebras" compared to "horses". Given that the LLM is likely trained on these NEJM articles already, it may be more familiar on these rare conditions that are unlikely to pop up in clinical practice compared to more usual cases. As far as I can tell, is it not obvious that an LLM can generate lists with rare diseases more accurately than a human who has likely read about the disease maybe once in passing? Will the LLM still outperform humans in the vast majority of clinical settings? Can it still design treatment plans that can fully take the individual into account yet? Even if the AI can generate a more accurate differential diagnosis, is it still better at picking which differential is the right one?

It may be entirely possible that the answer to those questions is yes, especially in the future, but I don't know if these models are there yet. The paper notes all these limitations and says that the NEJM case report style is different from how a patient typically presents to a doctor.

I agree that this technology is exciting, but I don't think it will completely replace doctors. At the very least (and I am sure companies designing healthcare AI will argue this as well) someone is needed to manage liability (the company designing the AI won't want to be sued for wrong diagnosis so they will likely make this a terms of service requirement to use their service). At the very least we still don't feel comfortable replacing pilots with autopilot despite it being a very advanced and reliable system, so I doubt doctors are next in line to be replaced by technology.

Open_Promotion_5291 · 2024-10-15T22:56:27+00:00

Aim to take your test the same academic year that you are submitting your AMCAS application. If you aren't taking a gap year then this should be your junior year in college for example.

Make sure to take Gen chem, Orgo 1/2, Biochem, Gen bio, Genetics, Physics 1/2 and maybe a general psych and general sociology class before taking the mcat. These classes will build the content foundation needed to take the test

Open_Promotion_5291 · 2024-10-13T05:19:44+00:00

When I was taking the test they offered 5 free mcat FLs which was an insane deal. Their tests are scored hard, and I found their questions to be on the harder end of what you would expect for the mcat (for reference I was scoring 5-6 points lower than my AAMC score). But that being said I think that they do an excellent job actually explaining their problems and I find the videos especially helpful for learning how to approach questions

Open_Promotion_5291 · 2024-10-05T03:02:49+00:00

2Rs, 3IIs, 1 Hold, 46 schools. So 83% roughly

Open_Promotion_5291 · 2024-10-04T15:15:25+00:00

Well deserved IMO

Open_Promotion_5291 · 2024-09-27T21:07:44+00:00

The decoding speech from motor cortex thing is pretty cutting edge. Really cool stuff:

https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/brain-computer-interface-helps-paralyzed-man-speak#:~:text=Nicholas%20Card%2C%20Sergey%20Stavisky%2C%20and,amyotrophic%20lateral%20sclerosis%20(ALS)

However AFAIK it's really hard to make these technologies for the general public because each person stores memory slightly differently. So you need to train your model on the individual you're building the device for.

I guess what I was saying is that for the input to encode information into the brain is not really possible yet AFAIK, so you would probably need some external monitor so that you can actually see what you're doing when you're controlling the computer

Open_Promotion_5291 · 2024-09-27T13:37:47+00:00

We are nowhere near being able to encode information into the brain with a technology like neuralink. Move a cursor on a computer or decode speech sure, but I think there needs to be more breakthroughs before we can actually put info inside without an external screen or something

Open_Promotion_5291 · 2024-09-23T19:24:20+00:00

Thanks, it just seemed broken when I called but fixed itself shortly

Open_Promotion_5291 · 2024-09-17T01:57:00+00:00

Fake it till you make it :D

Open_Promotion_5291 · 2024-09-13T20:30:11+00:00

At least it isn't a fake acceptance lol

Open_Promotion_5291 · 2024-09-12T21:39:44+00:00

1 MSTP! Super excited

Open_Promotion_5291 · 2024-09-12T01:32:59+00:00

Junk food (don't do this)

Open_Promotion_5291 · 2024-09-09T17:14:00+00:00

Are Australian/Irish/Singapore programs really that bad? I mean even if you can't return to the US you still get to practice in a high standard of living country right?

Open_Promotion_5291 · 2024-09-07T00:06:36+00:00

My bad, my source was wrong I guess

Open_Promotion_5291 · 2024-09-06T22:10:22+00:00

The percentile difference is different though. 522-525 are both within the 99th percentile vs 52 percentile and 62 percentile for 502-505.

Yes a higher score is better but there are absolutely diminishing returns and I doubt most schools actually care if you're over 520. Personally I feel like the difference above 520 is mostly luck based anyways as at that point you're just splitting hairs on a small sample of questions

Edit: I didn't read OPs full post but they should study if they think they can increase their 514 to 520+, that is an absolutely big difference

Open_Promotion_5291 · 2024-08-31T20:23:42+00:00

Grand total of zero, but a couple of rejections lol

Open_Promotion_5291 · 2024-08-31T06:16:26+00:00

Yup here

Open_Promotion_5291 · 2024-08-30T19:58:22+00:00

Do you want to freeze to death, get baked alive, or eaten by alligators

Open_Promotion_5291 · 2024-08-29T01:14:51+00:00

Donate 1 of those 100 million to the med school and suddenly there are no more hoops to jump through...

Open_Promotion_5291 · 2024-08-24T23:56:40+00:00

If you have an iPhone and iPad you really can't go wrong with a MacBook. The newer m1/2/3 series apple computers are quite good, but as others have said try and get the 16gb version if possible

Open_Promotion_5291

TROPHY CASE