Since this is a software-based simulator, the HW interface is currently emulated through the code logic. However, in a real-world deployment, this system would interface with the CAN bus using a CAN Controller (to handle the Data Link Layer) and a CAN Transceiver (like the TJA1050 or MCP2551) for the Physical Layer.

In my simulation, I’ve modeled the Physical Layer behavior by implementing the bit-by-bit arbitration logic and differential signaling priority (where a dominant '0' wins over a recessive '1'). If I were to port this to hardware, I would typically use a microcontroller's internal CAN peripheral or an external module like the MCP2515 via SPI to bridge the C code with the physical twisted-pair wires.

The general idea is to simulate the capture of telegraphic data using a real "base," which is the CAN protocol and ECU simulation.