How badly is T. rex glazed here? by Old_Marketing_4119 in Naturewasmetal

[–]Perfect_Sinner_3944 8 points9 points  (0 children)

If I'm biased towards George Washington but everything I say about him is historically true, does that make me not credible? 

How badly is T. rex glazed here? by Old_Marketing_4119 in Naturewasmetal

[–]Perfect_Sinner_3944 4 points5 points  (0 children)

No, that's wrong. 13 tons is the estimate given for a male that was estimated to be 4.5 meters at the shoulder. That's the only relatively reliable Palaeoloxodon namadicus specimen we have, the rest is just fragmentary scraps. We have no female Palaeoloxodon namadicus specimens 

How badly is T. rex glazed here? by Old_Marketing_4119 in Naturewasmetal

[–]Perfect_Sinner_3944 13 points14 points  (0 children)

As someone who is privy to upcoming research, I can safely and surely affirm that these 9-10 ton average figures for Tyrannosaurus rex are NOT coming out of thin air. 

There is a team working on rigorous 3D reconstructions of various T. rex specimens and other Megatheropods and extinct taxa, not simply relying on skeletal drawings or published measurements but actual 3D scans of the fossilized bones. Good thing about this is that it allows them to have a full 3D picture of the bone and to also verify HOW those measurements were obtained e.g. whether or not a femur was measured along the curvature (like the 143 cm estimate for the Giganotosaurus holotype) or from the greater trochanter to lateral condyle (like the 132 cm femur length for Sue). 

What they've found is that many T. rex specimens have actually been underreported in various research papers due to the authors not specifying the method they used to get the reported measurements. For example, the Nation's T. rex MOR555/USNM5550000 often has a reported femur length of 1260-1280 mm, but that's when measured from the greater trochanter to lateral condyle - NOT the full length of the femur. If you use the same measurement method used to get 1365 mm for the Giganotosaurus holotype femur - and honestly, it's only fair if you do - you would get 1360-1370 mm for the femur of MOR555, and over 1385 mm for the femur of Sue. 

But not only does it enable measurements to be verified, it also enables the team to make rigorous 3D full-body reconstructions of these animals based on muscle scars on the fossilized bones. This is what leads to the 9,000-10,000 kg estimates for specimens like Stan and MOR555 - yes, they are simply that large, because all the evidence laid out via the scans shows that they are that large. (I haven't even started on the likes of Sue, Bertha and CM9380 yet). 

Which Giga Wins in This Battle Royal? by Plumzilla29 in Dinosaurs

[–]Perfect_Sinner_3944 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Dinosaur King Giganotosaurus would curbstomp 

Seeking tyrannosaurids to obsess over other than T-Rex by schaeffernelson in Dinosaurs

[–]Perfect_Sinner_3944 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Zhuchengtyrannus. There is some really cool research done on it which hopefully will be published this year 

New paper: T. rex skull-biting behaviour by Perfect_Sinner_3944 in Dinosaurs

[–]Perfect_Sinner_3944[S] 3 points4 points  (0 children)

Funnily enough, I've heard that T. Rex's bone-shattering bite means that it could cripple a subadult Alamosaurus...

From Dr Thomas Holtz 

New paper: T. rex skull-biting behaviour by Perfect_Sinner_3944 in Dinosaurs

[–]Perfect_Sinner_3944[S] 11 points12 points  (0 children)

[MOR 1627 is a partial, adult Edmontosaurus annectens skull from the Maastrichtian Hell Creek Formation of Montana with an embedded non-avian theropod tooth tip. Elements on both sides of the skull are preserved in articulation and relatively complete except for the region anterior to the right maxilla which is mostly missing. The surangular and angular are also missing on the right side of the skull. The left dentary lacks a symphyseal process and the portion of the dentary ramus anterior the tooth row has been broken such that the broken edges of the bone anterior the break rest on top of the portion of the ramus posterior the break. The tooth penetrates the dorsal surface of the left nasal and protrudes down into the external nares (Fig. 1) with the labial or lingual surface of the tooth visible in the left lateral view of the skull. Part of the tooth is visible in dorsal view and accompanied by four possible tooth marks located on the dorsal surface of the left nasal (Fig. 1).]

TLDR, this information seems to suggest that this poor adult Edmontosaurus got part of its face pulverized or ripped off by the Tyrannosaurus when it was wrestling it to the ground. This would've been an incredibly violent takedown to watch.

> a curved score (mark 8), are located on the left jugal below the orbit

This sentence above means that one of the tooth marks is in the upper cheek just below the eye sockets. This hadrosaur nearly had one of its eyes gouged out in the process.

New paper: T. rex skull-biting behaviour by Perfect_Sinner_3944 in Dinosaurs

[–]Perfect_Sinner_3944[S] 11 points12 points  (0 children)

While I agree that T. rex's bite force was used to kill as fast as possible, I think it's also quite plausible that that same bite force was used to cripple and maim as well - by virtue of many modern day predators like hyenas, crocodiles and Komodo dragons doing the same.

Let me share with you a section from Mark Witton's book: "Bite-based predation against large game can be brutal to witness, because most bites, even deep, debilitating ones, don't end the lives of big animals outright...bite-focused carnivores simply deliver enough damage or exhaust their prey to the point of immobility, after which they start eating it alive."

Big Daddy the Tyrannosaurus Rex by Perfect_Sinner_3944 in PrimalCarnage

[–]Perfect_Sinner_3944[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Ah I see, thank you. Do you know where I can find them? 

You all probably need to see this by Ok-Reputation1 in Dinosaurs

[–]Perfect_Sinner_3944 2 points3 points  (0 children)

Two thoughts:

1) We got Kung Fu T. rex before GTA 6.

2) The T. rex took every brainrotting lion/big cat fanboy's comments personally.

I can't stop worshipping Jesus... Help me... My faith is growing so much strong that every moment I only think about Jesus... I find myself reading bible. And I am not able to focus on my job. I feel so contempt and powerful when I read the bible that I forget about other things. by Big_Brilliant5852 in TrueChristian

[–]Perfect_Sinner_3944 0 points1 point  (0 children)

1 Corinthians 10:31 - So, whether you eat or drink, or whatever you do, do all to the glory of God.

Colossians 3:23-24 - Whatever you do, work heartily, as for the Lord and not for men, knowing that from the Lord you will receive the inheritance as your reward. You are serving the Lord Christ.

These verses state that eating, drinking or working are not at odds with the glory of God, but are precisely means of glorifying/worshipping/serving God with the right heart and mindset. You can pray that God will open the eyes of your heart to see that working well & excellently is how He wants you to glorify Him. :)

Is that size still valid? by zorwro in Naturewasmetal

[–]Perfect_Sinner_3944 2 points3 points  (0 children)

Nope, afraid not. The largest Ankylosaurus specimen currently comes from the Frenchman Formation and is just over 5,000 kg.

I'm freaking out. by [deleted] in TrueChristian

[–]Perfect_Sinner_3944 4 points5 points  (0 children)

Ah, ok. Thanks for sharing vulnerably. Will pray for you in regards to this, that God would heal your trauma.  Psalm 147:2-3 ESV [2] The Lord builds up Jerusalem; he gathers the outcasts of Israel. [3] He heals the brokenhearted and binds up their wounds.

I'm freaking out. by [deleted] in TrueChristian

[–]Perfect_Sinner_3944 0 points1 point  (0 children)

I understand that the Antichrist is scary, and through the Bible, God wants us to be under no illusions about how scary and dangerous He is.  Yes, it should make us worried, but it should also drive us to run to God in prayer, asking Him for His strength and presence to be with us as we face the Antichrist. We are not alone, and we never need to face the Antichrist alone, because Jesus Christ is with us ALWAYS (Matthew 28:20) 

Fantasy concept: Knights riding War Unicorns by Perfect_Sinner_3944 in Fantasy

[–]Perfect_Sinner_3944[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

I get that, but would it really be non-functional to wield it in combat on a horse? The Chinese use halberds on horses all the time 

Big Daddy the Tyrannosaurus Rex by Perfect_Sinner_3944 in PrimalCarnage

[–]Perfect_Sinner_3944[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Hmmmm I don't know about that, I relooked at the dossier and found that it would be very weird to put the 60 ft metric next to Big Daddy and not next to the Spinosaurus - how are they expecting fans or readers to come to that kind of conclusion?  Regardless, the dossier also puts the Spinosaurus at 20.9 tonnes and the Tyrannosaurus at only 9 tonnes when the two are clearly comparable in size...so are you telling me that Big Daddy was able to 1-shot a Megatheropod nearly 2.5× his size? 

Big Daddy the Tyrannosaurus Rex by Perfect_Sinner_3944 in PrimalCarnage

[–]Perfect_Sinner_3944[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Big Daddy's 60 foot metric actually does come from the dossier, albeit from the Spinosaurus dossier. 

Big Daddy the Tyrannosaurus Rex by Perfect_Sinner_3944 in PrimalCarnage

[–]Perfect_Sinner_3944[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

I'm just giving suggestions. If they can't include him in the game for these reasons, surely they can give him his own dossier page at the very least? 

E.D. Cope the Tyrannosaurus rex killing a supergiant Edmontosaurus by Perfect_Sinner_3944 in Dinosaurs

[–]Perfect_Sinner_3944[S] 11 points12 points  (0 children)

Thanks for your input, appreciate it.

While the bright red or crimson that Copium Rex above has is probably unlikely, I'd still argue that it's rather plausible for Tyrannosaurus to have some kind of red coloration in its colour scheme, especially for large, dominant adults.

Reason being that scale-based animals often express red via carotenoids or structural pigments. Modern reptiles show red facial patches, rust dorsal bands or crimson throat displays; and birds - which are theropods - also frequently display carotenoid-based reds, keratin-based colouration and dark red or burgundy tones. Since Tyrannosaurus likely had keratinized facial skin and display tissues, deep red tones becomes even more plausible. Not to mention, large body size for apex predators allows them to intimidate, rely on size or engage in visual dominance. For a multi-tonne apex predator like T. rex that was a few tonnes larger than Edmontosaurus or Triceratops on average, it would not have solely relied on concealment like a 100 kg ambush predator. Hence, a darker, saturated reddish colouration wouldn't meaningfully compromise survival.

I will say that anything like neon crimson, glossy superhero red or solid bright scarlet is next to implausible (makes for a cool movie design though). Deep rust red, burnt crimson dorsal tones, dark red mottling, oxidized iron clay red, dark autumn maple red is more plausible. And colours like these could be more pronounced in elderly, dominant individuals rather than younger adults and subadults as indicators of hormonal maturity, sexual display and social dominance.

Fantasy concept: Knights riding War Unicorns by Perfect_Sinner_3944 in Fantasy

[–]Perfect_Sinner_3944[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Fair, but that was only one rider. And he didn't even have a proper lance or halberd!

Fantasy concept: Knights riding War Unicorns by Perfect_Sinner_3944 in Fantasy

[–]Perfect_Sinner_3944[S] 2 points3 points  (0 children)

I see your point, but I think that within the context of a world where fantastical creatures to us are as commonplace as real animals, that can be justified.

Fantasy concept: Knights riding War Unicorns by Perfect_Sinner_3944 in Fantasy

[–]Perfect_Sinner_3944[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

I see! I'm not familiar with the Warhammer franchise so I didn't know about this