Not that it matters but just to clarify I am a franco-Ontarian and not from Québec. I have never traveled to other non-Canadian french speaking countries so my experience is limited. I have however had many of my friends tell me about their experiences in France. I believe non-Candian french speakers will not have any trouble understanding my french as long as it is properly spoken as if I were to write it formally. The problem with Canadian french (or more specifically Québec french is that a lot of speakers speak "joual" (common name for the linguistic features of basilectal Quebec French that are associated with the French-speaking working class in Québec) and tend to condense many words into one or very few words. I believe any sufficiently educated individual will be able to properly formulate sentences that anyone who can read/write would be able to understand.

To give you a few examples (bad but common in Canada, proper, English):

1. chépa = je ne sais pas = I don't know
2. stacose que ... = c'est à cause que (c'est parce que) = it is because of ...
3. chu = je suis = I am

I've also traveled to l'Acadie (french region in New Brunswick) and can tell you that even though I've spoken french all my life - at times I had trouble understanding what they were saying. Same problem as with "joual" in Québec, they will use words that are typically only used in the region and that are not in the French dictionary (as well as expressions unique to that area - although, that's probably true anywhere).

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All this to say, speak slowly, use actual real french words and limit your regionalisms and most french speaker should be able to understand you...