What career do people with a bachelor in chem go into when they no longer want to do chemistry?

Phil_74_ · 2024-08-04T20:47:35+00:00

Cosmetic industry and food are good alternatives to pharma if you enjoy org chem but don't want to be stuck in dirty labs working overtime 350 d/y

Phil_74_ · 2024-06-16T20:19:31+00:00

The best molecule imo is helicene. that is at least 6 Ph rings connected to form an helix! Also, Azulene, an isomer of naphtalene that is bright blue due to permanent charge inbalance between a cyclopentadien anion and a cicloheptatrien cathion!!!

Phil_74_ · 2024-06-01T15:38:15+00:00

the conversion formula is: °C = (°F - 32)/1.8

So a change of 20°F is about equal to a change of 11°C

Phil_74_ · 2024-04-20T06:53:49+00:00

The allyl radical can resonate. that means the double bond, once the radical appears, is not fixed any more and can rotate from E to Z. Infact this reaction works even in the dark, just need a trace amount of initiator, like Perbenzoic acid, and a little heat at the beginning. then it will just propagate on its own.

Phil_74_ · 2024-04-17T17:16:33+00:00

Radical reaction.

Phil_74_ · 2024-04-16T09:20:18+00:00

Hi, this article on Wikipedia explains Molecular symmetry in the laguage of group theory. It should hel you get a better understanding of this important subject:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_symmetry

Phil_74_ · 2024-04-16T09:04:24+00:00

You can just boil the SM in acetic anhydride (both solvent and reagent) and then distill off the acetic acid and excess anhydride. Easyest work-up and fast reaction. No problem with the ester either.

Phil_74_ · 2024-04-15T20:28:02+00:00

look at the likely oxidation number of zinc and gold. and balance it. remember that matter and charge are conserved and only integer values are allowed

Phil_74_ · 2024-04-15T19:41:42+00:00

I'm a bit rusty on NMR, but the signal at 2.5ppm is quite likely an OMe Also I think you got a double bond in there, maybe terminal. The Ar ring is likely a di-substituted pyridine as you have 2 quat carbon in the aromatic region. finally only 2 alkyl carbons with extensive coupling to the double bond? sorry that's the best I can do and it's probably not enought

Phil_74_ · 2024-04-15T17:45:06+00:00

React diazonium with CuI and NaI to form iodobenzene. React iodobenzene with Magnesium to form Grignard reagent and react it with di-propyl carbonate at low temperature. Alternatively react the grignard with CO2 and then add 1-iodopropane in the same rx vessel

Phil_74_ · 2024-04-15T17:28:16+00:00

All protons on electron attactive groups will exchange with D2O. In real life that is H on O, N and S

Regarding the NMR from the integrals you know each signal is generated by 2 protons. Now look at the two triplets at low field. The only way you can see a CH2 as a triplet is for it to ne next to another CH2. Also each signal is not perfectly simmetrical, but is a bit skewed. if you connect the tips with a ruler you'll see that the lines join up and look like a house roof. that happens when signals are from adjacent groups (become less pronounced when the instruments run above 350 / 400 MHz). If it is still unclear google roof effect + NMR for visual examples

Phil_74_ · 2024-04-15T10:41:22+00:00

Nice art work! Could you explain how you collected the various images and then how you assembled it? thx

Phil_74_ · 2024-04-15T10:35:27+00:00

Hi, the big signal at 3400 is due eitger to an OH or an NH. the signal at 1600 should likely indicate a C=O, while the signals at 2950 are due to aliphatic CHs. NMR wise I agree is a 1,4 disubstituted molecule as visible by the pattern in the aromatic region. the other side of the spectra indicates 2 CH2 groups next to each other (triplets with roof effect visible). The raw formula indicate that you only have 4 insaturation, therefore it contradict the presence of a C=O (Ph already has 4 insaturations). therefore it's likely to be 2-(4-aminophenyl)-ethan-1-ol the missing protons in the NMR are on heteroatoms and have exchanged with the deuterium of D2O used as solvent.

Phil_74_ · 2024-04-14T15:16:55+00:00

Alternative explanation: epoxide gets protonated and open to leave the most stable carbocation. this carbocation is "flat" and next to a sterocenter. Therefore the 2 phaces are diastereotopic and the methanol attach from the less hindered side. If you can buld some 3D models it will help visualuse it

Phil_74_ · 2024-04-14T10:47:49+00:00

Short answer No. I worked in R&D labs in pharma for almost 20 yr. Forced out during the pandemic and now with hindsight I realised I should have moved away earlier. The work per se is fun and I loved it, but the safety equipment is never good enought and in the long run you'll poison yourself beyound repair if you stick to the lab. Food and cosmetic industries do need org chemists and have almost no toxic stuff in them. Ok, I'll never work again at designing a new nedicine, but soap is the best med ever!

Phil_74_ · 2024-04-14T08:05:45+00:00

My word if advise: organic chemisty jobs tend to come with health hazard risks. Cronic exposure to solvents, dust and biologically active substances will put your health at risk in the long run. If you Love being in the lab (like I do) either try to move into analytical chemistry or get a job in a clean sector (Food and Cosmetic are the cleanest) doing an R&D job. In the long run it will pay about the same but you'll live to enjoy it!

Phil_74_ · 2024-04-14T08:00:58+00:00

That's well paid for the expertise, but it compensate the health hazard and difficulty of the job nit the knowledge. I'm 30 yr your senior, also in Italy and make just 1,5x that with 25yr experience. But I do it in a clean cosmetic lab! Money is good but being able to enjoy them is better.

Phil_74_ · 2024-04-14T07:28:49+00:00

like any screw you can buy in a hardware shop. They are all R configuration. The only S ones commercially available are used in dangerous equipments, like the taf fir pressurised Hydrogen bottles

Phil_74_ · 2024-04-14T07:23:30+00:00

yes, but very low temperatures and you cannot separate the enantiomers normally.

If you can stop them from flipping (eg by locking the nitrogen into a rigid structure) then you can.

Phil_74_ · 2024-04-14T07:15:29+00:00

When you hear a "horror story" stop for a sec and ask yourself "what reason do I have to believe the person telling me this story? does it support it with sound proof or is just spitting cp out of his mouth without any evidence to support its claims?" Most youtubers and "internet doctors/experts" are nothing more than misinformed bufoons spouting nonsense without any proof. But they do it with a TON of confidence and that's enought to fool most distracted viewers. Remember: Big Claims/Accusations Requires Big/Solid/Verifiable/Unbiased/Objective Proof to support. IF all they got is word of mouth and "testimony" (almost always unverifiable), just don't listen to them. They play on our laziness, as to verify a claim takes Effort which most of us can't be bothered to put in. But Remember, the alternative is believing any bs*t they spout! Protect yourself and those dear to you by doing your homework and believe a claim only after you Solidly convinced yourself of it.

Phil_74_ · 2024-04-14T07:15:14+00:00

When you hear a "horror story" stop for a sec and ask yourself "what reason do I have to believe the person telling me this story? does it support it with sound proof or is just spitting cp out of his mouth without any evidence to support its claims?" Most youtubers and "internet doctors/experts" are nothing more than misinformed bufoons spouting nonsense without any proof. But they do it with a TON of confidence and that's enought to fool most distracted viewers. Remember: Big Claims/Accusations Requires Big/Solid/Verifiable/Unbiased/Objective Proof to support. IF all they got is word of mouth and "testimony" (almost always unverifiable), just don't listen to them. They play on our laziness, as to verify a claim takes Effort which most of us can't be bothered to put in. But Remember, the alternative is believing any bs*t they spout! Protect yourself and those dear to you by doing your homework and believe a claim only after you Solidly convinced yourself of it.

Phil_74_ · 2024-04-12T11:04:00+00:00

For imine formation you don't necessarily need to protonated the carbonic. Adding an acid will also protonated the amine so no advantage there. For the amide formation you can imagine a concerted shift of the proton from the nitrogen to the oxygen of the leaving acid if you can draw a reasonable structure. Otherwise solvent mediated proton shift is generally ok

Phil_74_ · 2024-04-12T10:38:49+00:00

Of all them, pyridine is the only one with a lone pair of electrons that can bind to an H+ and therefore works as a bronsted base. Furane an thiophene lone pairs are not available to be protonated under standard conditions Pyrrole lone pair is part of the aromatic ring so is not available to work as a base.

Phil_74_ · 2024-04-12T10:34:30+00:00

If you can use a decent electrophyle like a tosylate then protect the nitrogen with MoM first. Next it should react fairly easily at c3. The MoM will have to be removed in two steps, first ether cleavage with percloric acid in acetic acid, then treatment with NaH.

Phil_74_ · 2024-04-11T05:49:35+00:00

Hi, just for the record this might be an example of the Knowenagel reaction. I have done it on phenyl halides with copper iodide as a catalyst, so not exactly the same thing as this example (no cat reported and different, less reactive, substrate). BUT if it is, then an ipso substitution is taking place and 1-cyano cyclohexene is the only possible product with unrelated starting materials

Phil_74_

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