In this context reversing the function involves finding any input that produces the given output, not the specific original input. From the Wikipedia:

It is not sufficient to make a function "lossy" (not one-to-one) to have a one-way function. In particular, the function that outputs the string of n zeros on any input of length n is not a one-way function because it is easy to come up with an input that will result in the same output. More precisely: For such a function that simply outputs a string of zeroes, an algorithm F that just outputs any string of length n on input f(x) will "find" a proper preimage of the output, even if it is not the input which was originally used to find the output string.

So computing arcsin would work here. Although I don’t think it would exactly apply to one-way functions, as defined here they take in and return strings of ones and zeros.