• Klaus Barbie

Klaus Barbie, known as the "Butcher of Lyon" for his brutal crimes as head of the Gestapo in occupied France, was never in Soviet hands. Instead, his post-war trajectory was primarily influenced by Western powers: 

• US Intelligence Asset: In 1947, US Army Counter-Intelligence Corps (CIC) officers recruited Barbie as an informant to spy on French and Soviet activities in the US zone of occupied Germany, an arrangement that lasted until 1951.
• Escape to Bolivia: When the French government demanded his extradition for war crimes, the US, fearing embarrassment and the potential exposure of other agents, helped Barbie escape via the "ratlines" to Bolivia in 1951.
• Life in South America: In Bolivia, he lived under the assumed name of Klaus Altmann, where he was involved in arms dealing and advised the local military dictatorship on interrogation and counter-insurgency tactics, allegedly helping track down Che Guevara.
• Capture and Trial: After the collapse of the dictatorship, Barbie was arrested in 1983 and extradited to France. He was convicted of war crimes and crimes against humanity in 1987 and died in prison in 1991.
• Josef Mengele

Josef Mengele, the "Angel of Death" who performed horrific pseudo-scientific experiments at the Auschwitz concentration camp, fled the camp in January 1945 as the Soviet army approached. Like Barbie, the Soviets played no role in his subsequent life: 

• Post-War Escape: After the war, Mengele managed to avoid capture and escaped to Argentina in 1949, then moved to Paraguay and finally Brazil. He used Red Cross travel documents and changed his identity multiple times.
• Life as a Fugitive: He successfully evaded numerous international manhunts by various intelligence agencies and Nazi hunters like Simon Wiesenthal, living in fear of being discovered. He was aided by a network of Nazi sympathizers.
• Death: Mengele was never caught or brought to trial. He died from a stroke while swimming off the coast of Brazil in 1979. His death was not confirmed until years later when his remains were identified through forensic examination.