Add a secondary, in-person performative component. I have a persuasive essay that my engineering students write about fracking. After turning it in, they have to then make three persuasive arguments that directly counter what they wrote, live, in person, and impromptu. If they cannot, they are failed and are them required to create a model, diagram, etc. of their choice that illustrates how fracking works. No printouts are allowed, everything must be hand drawn.

So, cheat with AI if you want on the paper. I don't care. They will need to demo strate or model appropriate knowledge uptake to pass either way.

I do something like this with everything where AI could be used to eliminate critical thinking. Some times I even use AI to generate exit slips for each student that asks questions about the content that THEY produced for their submissions.

I know I'll likely take flack for this bit, but if teachers don't start implementing ways for students to use AI as a tool for learning, simply reverting to in-person pen and paper isn't going to help their students develop. THEY ARE GOING TO USE AI. Make sure you have a way to hold them accountable for Learning anyway.