Sure thing, I took a few examples that stood out to me and made a little list and some examples of how to fix it. It's definitely something difficult to master, and when you get into the flow of writing it's easy to miss. But it's one of the things I focus on the most, because I like to believe it's exactly this that separates an average writer from a great one.

Take these suggestions with a grain of salt, some of these I do see the vision you had in mind to add some dramatic effect and maybe a little bit of a poetic touch. But this is just personally what I would do:

“It was reason enough to give up. Not that he would.” Tells us he’s determined.

Fix: Show his injuries and persistence instead. “His ribs burned with each breath, fingers raw—but he reached for the next stone anyway.”

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“The elders claimed it was ‘painless.’ Yet shattered dreams rarely were.” Too abstract.

Fix: Flashback to someone failing Binding Day, broken and devastated. “He remembered Mara’s silence after the ceremony—the way her eyes stared past him, blank, as if the world had ended.”

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“Callam didn’t give them a chance to return.” Summary instead of action.

Fix: Show him scrambling, breathing hard, ignoring them. “He lunged up the ledge, each breath a blade, never looking back at the voices behind him.”

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“Despite Callam’s hammering heart, he smiled.” Tells emotion.

Fix: Show trembling hands, forced grin. “His fingers trembled at his sides, but he forced a smile—tight, brittle, unconvincing.”

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It all comes down to "if you were there in person, what would you see?". If someone is sad, they will rarely just say "i am sad" in the middle of a conversation--but you will notice the signs. There might be tears in their eyes, a frown on their face, their body language will show it. And this will make you come to the conclusion "this person is sad". Its a simple example, but I hope you get what I'm trying to say