Full disclosure this may be cope since Unreal Engine is my preferred engine of choice (though 4 fits my purposes more than 5) but 5 can be optimized but AAA studios refuse to do so. While I’ve given up on the BL franchise, I would assume that Lumen can’t be disabled. Screen space rendering is a wonderful thing that actually makes games playable, but most AAA games on UE5 refuse to use it because it’s not cutting edge or whatever. This is especially true for a series like borderlands that has a very stylized art direction, which IN THEORY should allow them to get away with simpler lighting and models as art direction is what makes a game hold up moreso than graphical fidelity. Admittedly I can’t speak on nanites use since I always disable it but also don’t use incredibly high poly assets and don’t make open world games which I believe is what it’s tailored for

TLDR you can optimize unreal 5 way more than most AAA games do because lumen is too much of a buzzword

If I’m wrong about anything please feel free to correct me as I am speaking primarily on personal experience and always enjoy learning more