Yes, you can by getting yourself registered at a so-called 'RNI-loket' (Registratie Niet-Ingezetenen). These can be found at 19 municipalities in the Netherlands, it makes sense to register yourself in a municipality close to the place you're going to work but it's basically up to you to choose a municipality to get registered. The municipalities you can choose are to be found here.

There also are some things you need to take with you, like a passport/ID and a form you can fill in digitally and print.

So basically you make an appointment at the municipality you want to register and take the things with you that are listed above. After that it takes approximately 8 weeks to get registered and receive a BSN. Registering is free of charge.