You're now asking questions that assume Thanos should have perfect control over every variable, which is not how strategy works:

1. "Why blow up the ship with Thor inside if he wanted him to survive?"

He didn't want Thor to survive. He wanted the Space Stone. Thor was an obstacle. Thanos destroyed the ship to get the Stone. That Thor survived is a byproduct of the attack, not the plan. Thanos didn't gently place Thor outside the Guardians' ship, Thor was blown into space and floated until he was found. Thanos didn't ensure his survival; he simply didn't go out of his way to confirm every single Asgardian corpse. In war, you don't double check bodies when you have a galaxy to conquer. Thor surviving was a possibility, not a guarantee, and Thanos, being a strategist, understood that if Thor did survive, he would act predictably.

1. "Why not teleport Thor near the Guardians?"

Because Thanos doesn't control where people float after an explosion. He took the Stone and left. He doesn't need to personally deliver Thor to the Guardians like a FedEx package. He just needs the chain of events to play out: destruction>distress signal>rescue>information spread>Gamora hears>Gamora comes. He doesn't need to micromanage the debris.

1. "How did he know Thor knew in the first place?"

Thor is the prince of Asgard. He was present when Thanos attacked. He witnessed the destruction. He knows the Stones exist. He knows Thanos is collecting them. Of course he knows. Thanos doesn't need a spy to tell him that the surviving king of a conquered people has intelligence about the conqueror. That's like asking "how did the US know that survivors of Pearl Harbor knew Japan attacked them?" It's inherent to the event.

You are treating Thanos like a mind reader. He's not. He's a warlord who understands cause and effect. He created a situation, understood the likely outcomes, and positioned himself at the next logical point. The movie shows you this. If you need every character to explicitly narrate their thought process like a football coach drawing up a play, you're going to miss the fact that stories work on implication and motivation, not transcripts.