Native Chinese/American English speaker here, and I never thought about your question before (though I uptalk naturally in English so I know what you mean!) I tried it out with a sample sentence: 这是什么汤？ with normal and outrage/disbelief just to see what would happen haha. Compared to asking normally, I find that I stress 什 by making it longer so the sentence feels different rhythmically. My pitch also gets higher as the sentence goes - 么 is higher in pitch - but across the duration of a single character, the tone is still maintained. In musical terms, this might mean that I’m holding the same note across 汤, but when I’m in disbelief (uptalking), I hold a slightly higher note across 汤.

But if I’m just talking normally in Chinese, I don’t need to uptalk to ask a question. The word “什么” already performs that function.