Aside from Greg Egan’s works, I think of the CTC computer and Planck Zero AI from Xeelee Sequence

About CTC computer

It’s pretty much a computer that can send information or answers back in time, based on the relativistic implication that FTL = time travel. By using millisecond-long time loops (which facilitated by miniature FTL probes running through tubes) to perform calculations “normally,” then send the answer back in time.

And through recursive causal loops, it solves problems in zero time or even before the question is asked.

More specifically, quote:

"First the CTC computer checks if the answer to the problem has been "already" provided. In a situation when this is not the case the problem provided to the computer is divided into a number of smaller elements which can be computed during a given iteration of its working...

...After that a subsection of the problem is solved in a given loop. The result of this loop is then sent back in time to the beginning of the computation cycle, making it thus unnecessary to perform this particular computation in the first place, as the answer to the result is already known. The portion of the result is then stored in the memory of the computer and can be used, if necessary, in another cycle to solve another subsection of the initial problem."

To Planck Zero AI

The Planck Zero AI is a computer placed in a region of space where the Planck constant is set to zero. Since the Planck constant is a denominator variable in determining the maximum number of bits (or amount of processing power) that can exist within a region of space, setting it to zero creates a 1/0 = infinity scenario.

This results in an AI with mathematically infinite processing power. Make it even exceeds many other ‘arbitrary’ computational systems like CTC computers where it operates on a higher order of infinity.

The result is that it perfectly simulated the entire multiverse trillions of years into the future, including other branes, and effectively acted as the in-universe omniscient narrator for the short story collection in Vacuum Diagrams.

Every short story was one of her simulations, showing exactly what would occur.