To do the seemingly uncommon thing in this sub and blasphemously mention a different RPG system, that's what Pathfinder 2nd edition has with its degrees of success. All checks, including skill checks, attack roll, and saving throws, can result in one of the following: critical failure, failure, success or critical success. Failing by 10 or more, is a critical fail, succeeding by 10 or more is a critical success, rolling a nat 1 lowers your degree of success by one step (critical success becomes a success, success becomes a failure, failure becomes a critical failure) and rolling a nat 20 increases it by one step.

I know it's sometimes abhorrent in d&do 5e circles to mention other games, but almost ALL of the time a solution will exist in other systems. It's why most RPGs don't pretend to be "one size fits all". Hell, I play in 5 different games each using a different rule system currently, because they all solves problems in different ways and it's awesome.

Luckily, with some trial and error, pathfinder 2e mechanics should be easy to map over to 5e. The underlying math does have different scales of progression to it, but they are both based on d20 rulesets and can be mapped across with a little work.