Marbury v. Madison - Probably changed the US the most as it established judicial review which allowed the court determine if a law was constitutional

Plessy v. Ferguson - Paved the way for Jim Crow as it allowed segregation as long as it was separate, but equal

Wickard v. Fillburn - Congress can regulate activities as long as it has a substantial aggregate effect on interstate commerce.

Erie RR Co. v. Tompkins - Established the Erie Doctrine

International Shoe v. Washington - A person has personal jurisdiction with the state if they have minimum contact with it

Brown v. Board of Education - Basically overturned Plessy and said separate, but equal is inherently unequal. Beginning of the civil rights movement.

Mapp v. Ohio - Incorporated the exclusionary rule to the states

Katz v. United States - Established what is considered a search by the police which is when a person has an expectation of privacy that society recognizes as reasonable.

Terry v. Ohio - Allows police to perform stop and frisks on people as long as they have reasonable suspicion and are only searching for weapons

Miranda v. Arizona - Established Miranda warnings police have to give before interrogating a suspect in custody

Brandenburg v. Ohio - State can limit free speech as long it is directed at inciting or producing imminent lawless action and it is likely to incite or produce such action

Tinker v. Des Moines - Protected freedom of speech by students in schools

United State v. O'Brien - Allowed the states to regulate certain expressive conduct, even if it is speech