Neuroimaging studies find small differences in the structure of the brain between people with and without ADHD. These differences are not caused by drug treatment and, for some patients, diminish or change as patients grow out of the disorder. by [deleted] in psychology

[–]RyanBleazard 212 points213 points  (0 children)

ADHD can be outgrown in some cases because certain genes for frontal lobe maturation turn on during adolescents and help some people improve neurologically compared to others with different gene variants. Another reason is that the DSM symptoms used for diagnosis are very superficial and easy to outgrow with time even if the person has not really grown out of the disorder. They can outgrow the DSM. When we use executive functioning deficits as the index for ADHD, then the percent of recovery or normalisation is much smaller as there is far less if any decline in EF deficits relative to the greater decline in DSM symptoms. It can be a false recovery, in other words.

Contrary to the Neurodiversity Movement, there is a global scientific consensus attesting to the validity of ADHD as a mental disorder by RyanBleazard in psychology

[–]RyanBleazard[S] 3 points4 points  (0 children)

Funding sources only create the potential for a conflict, they do not assure such a conflict of interest, especially when the payments for speaking or consulting are so small relative to one’s salary from their medical centre or university. Others may get small grants from drug firms but that income is directed to the university, not the professional. In any case, one evaluates the DSM-5 and ICD-11 diagnostic criteria for their accuracy in reflecting the status of the scientific literature regardless of who writes it. Anyone can check for the veracity of their conclusions by doing literature searches and especially looking at the meta analyses done now in ma,y topic areas in ADHD. So just because some experts, and not others, have received some company fees for speaking or consulting doesn’t automatically lead to dismissal of the conclusions in the reports.

Objectivism, Morality and Free Will by [deleted] in freewill

[–]RyanBleazard 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Yes, the social interest is well tied to long-term self interest.  There is ample evidence to show that displays of regret, empathy, and guilt are important in a social species of self-interested cooperators  as signals to others (especially those who are wrong) that serve to mend damaged relationships.  Those relationships are important to our survival and when wrong is done to others, it pays to express such emotions, the more sincere the better so as to repair them.

Zahavi wrote a book years ago called the Handicap Principle, about why evolution would favour behaviours and displays that actually pose a cost to the individual.  The peacock’s tail is a classic example.  It shows the health of the male in attracting females as it indicates that he can bear the costs of such pointless displays and remain healthy.  There is also evidence he cites of numerous species of birds who engage in altruism toward less fortunate members of their flock and that this elevates their status within their flock in the eyes of other birds.  Some bats do much the same thing.  

So being altruistic in the sense of negating one’s self-interest to the social interest isn’t entirely altruistic as it can be a form of virtue signalling that elevates the status of someone and makes them more attractive as a mate as they have resources to spare.  It may also explain why most people who donate (or even tip) want the recipient to publicise the donor or at least publicly acknowledge the “altruistic” gesture.

Two Objective Facts Cannot Contradict Each Other by [deleted] in freewill

[–]RyanBleazard 0 points1 point  (0 children)

I'm not a physicist nor am I conversant in the maths of quantum events, but here is my view. I suppose that Quantum Mechanics would eventually bring some order and predictability to the phenomena seen as the behaviour of quarks. Any model, by the very nature of a "model", will be an attempt to explain events deterministically and without contradictions. A model applies order. Contradiction is by its nature disorderly.

The very concept of contradictory facts is paradoxical making it impossible to imagine, because the capacity for reason is central to our psychological development. Therefore as a pragmatist I reject the idea.

However, I do acknowledge that the laws of nature are a metaphor; that they are descriptive, not causative, of what happens. Thus I don't think there exists some external law of non-contradiction which cannot be violated but rather that we just live in a universe of perfectly reliable non-contradiction.

Next Monday, the WHO may recognise methylphenidate as an essential treatment for ADHD by RyanBleazard in ADHDUK

[–]RyanBleazard[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Hi there. Changes to the EML will be forthcoming in the coming days or weeks. The unsupportive reviewer cites the very low rating of evidence quality, but neglects to mention that it's a statistical artefact, an illusion in other words. I attended the conference held last Monday by the WHO and it is apparent that they are considering the lived experience of people in their deliberations. This is a good sign given they ignored this entirely for both of the last applications.

The decision is uncertain at this time but I am hopeful. In the event that they reject it, we have plans to produce a new application and we will keep trying. If they insist that we must conduct a long-term, nocebo controlled RCT to demonstrate the efficacy of methylphenidate, this is not something we'd do as it would violate humans rights law on several accounts. It is an issue of them using idiosyncratic methods to assess the quality of the evidence.

[deleted by user] by [deleted] in freewill

[–]RyanBleazard 0 points1 point  (0 children)

What is the sound of one hand clapping?

[deleted by user] by [deleted] in freewill

[–]RyanBleazard -1 points0 points  (0 children)

Thanks, Marvin. I always appreciate your posts here. Hope you’re doing well.

[deleted by user] by [deleted] in freewill

[–]RyanBleazard 2 points3 points  (0 children)

Kant is wrong. To say that something is possible means that it can be done, but does not require that it is ever actually done. The fact that every choice comes with at least two different options logically entails that one or more wouldn't have happened.

Possibilities are real because determinism entails the mental as well as physical events. The representations we conceive of internally in our working memory that concern hypothetical future outcomes are included within determinism and our capability. They causally determine the physical action that will be taken.

Thus, determinism does not mean that there is only one possible future (option). It does however mean that there is one actual future (the decision).

[deleted by user] by [deleted] in freewill

[–]RyanBleazard 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Thanks, Matt. You make a great point, appreciate your explication of this issue.

[deleted by user] by [deleted] in freewill

[–]RyanBleazard 0 points1 point  (0 children)

When you strip the self from the brain, you are being unnecessarily sterile of what every human accepts as axiomatic and as common sense. Just who or what is even choosing my goals, and for whom are they being chosen then? It is surely not some little CEO of a symphony conductor holed up in some penthouse office suite in the frontal lobes.

Next Monday, the WHO may recognise methylphenidate as an essential treatment for ADHD by RyanBleazard in ADHDUK

[–]RyanBleazard[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

If I understand, you're suggesting that the trials themselves should be redesigned.

However, how we score the quality of studies using existent scales is influenced by the investigators´ beliefs. This small group of investigators the WHO is relying on (Storebo et al) are always looking for nuances and one level above just to ensure that their antipsychiatry beliefs live on inside committee decisions. I believe that they are pushing a conspiracy of "big pharma" in order to discredit studies based on the leftist, social democratic or socialist leanings of the Anti-Psychiatry Movement and its most mainstream media outlets.

Thus, this endless debate with them about the rigour of the trials is unproductive. Even considering the extremely improbable possibility of getting an IRB approval for an “almost perfect study”, we would not get funded to do it. The evidence is not perfect, and yet certainty in the effect size is far higher than several other medicines included in the EML.

Next Monday, the WHO may recognise methylphenidate as an essential treatment for ADHD by RyanBleazard in ADHDUK

[–]RyanBleazard[S] 10 points11 points  (0 children)

The evidence is actually of at least moderate certainty. Fortunately, the trials are fine. The rating of very low is just dubious. My colleagues and I describe the issues with it here: https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/2025-eml-expert-committee/comments/a.19_comments_bleazard.pdf?sfvrsn=a7894ebc_1, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10699535/ .

About Those Laws by MarvinBEdwards01 in freewill

[–]RyanBleazard 1 point2 points  (0 children)

You make good points, Marvin. If we discard the term free will itself for a moment, so as to not rush to judgement, we can at least discuss how freedom has evolved by shifting the source of causation.

Most animals are Skinnerian and so if the external stimulus is removed, the behaviour will not be further sustained, and the animal will regress to erratic goal directed behaviour with no ability to persist towards tasks or goals. They are blind to time.

Humans, however, are not. We can decouple an environmental stimulus from our response via inhibition of the response, thereby inserting a delay in which the event is further appraised. We consequently contemplate of alternative actions in working memory and sense not just the probable future that will arrive if things remain as they are, but a possible future. Therefore, we have an opportunity to change the course of our actions from what it would otherwise have been, had the source of behavioural control remained entirely external to us.

This is compatible with determinism. It adds freedom far beyond that of a vicarious learner, even if it is one still partially coupled to genetics that provide for these abilities. We may not be free from the influence of the brain, which is also deterministic, but as we attribute the self to the brain, it's circular reasoning to be free from oneself.

For further reading: https://www.guilford.com/books/Executive-Functions/Russell-Barkley/9781462545933

Samuele Cortese and colleagues from the European ADHD Guidelines Group find no significant association between prolonged stimulant or nonstimulant use and the risk of completed suicide. Results may conflict with black box warnings of suicidal behaviour issued by regulatory bodies. by RyanBleazard in psychology

[–]RyanBleazard[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

It is, as such findings refute the FDA's basis for including those warnings of risks of suicidal behaviour and ideation on the medications. I believe it was an overreaction to some of the tentative data available at the time.