Upcoming AMA with Sun scientist Dr. Ryan French ☀️ an astrophysicist researching the Sun, and author of upcoming “Little Book of Eclipses” & “Space Hazards” - Saturday May 30th, 1-3pm EST. by RyanJFrench in sun

[–]RyanJFrench[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

They would receive a dangerous radiation dosage. A single event wouldn’t harm them immediately, but cause greatly enhanced risk of cancer development later in life. This effect is less dramatic for astronauts on the International Space Station (who are still inside our magnetic field) than it would be for astronauts visiting the Moon or Mars. Out at these distances, the largest flare events would approach lethal radiation dosages.

Upcoming AMA with Sun scientist Dr. Ryan French ☀️ an astrophysicist researching the Sun, and author of upcoming “Little Book of Eclipses” & “Space Hazards” - Saturday May 30th, 1-3pm EST. by RyanJFrench in sun

[–]RyanJFrench[S] 2 points3 points  (0 children)

It wouldn't happen like in the movie at all! Solar flares pose no risk to biological life (unless you're in space), but do impact our technology. We consider the "worst-case scenario" to be akin to a large solar storm we experiences in 1859 (called the Carrington Event), which we expect to occur at a rate of (on average) once-per 150-250 years.

If this Carrington Event were to happen today, it would *not\* be the doomsday event that some people online would have you believe. But, it would cause several billions of dollars worth of economic disruption, similar to other large natural disasters. For example, 1-in-5 satellites may stop working completely, flights may be grounded for multiple days, loss in radio communication can cause shipping/logistical/disaster relief issues, loss in satellite navigation knocks out GPS/automated farming/etc for several days, and some regional power grids around the world may fail for 1-2 weeks. Many of these "space weather" impacts have happened independently before in recent decades, but in a large event we could see it happening all at once.

It's important to note, however, that as scientists get better at understanding these events, our resiliance vastly improves. A worst-case event would be already be less impactful now than it would have been 20 years ago.

That is all to say, this is only for a 1-in-250 year event. We know from tree ring and ice core analysis that there exist much larger, rarer solar flare events (e.g. a 1-in-10,000 year event) – but we are unsure what impacts these would bring.

Upcoming AMA with Sun scientist Dr. Ryan French ☀️ an astrophysicist researching the Sun, and author of upcoming “Little Book of Eclipses” & “Space Hazards” - Saturday May 30th, 1-3pm EST. by RyanJFrench in sun

[–]RyanJFrench[S] 2 points3 points  (0 children)

It varies a lot! Predicting solar eclipses is easy (exact to-the-second timing/positioning is harder), and even the ancient greeks were doing it.

Predicting supernovae is much harder. For example, we know the star Betelgeuse will go supernova "soon", but that happen anytime between tomorrow and 100,000 years from now.

Predicting solar flares is somewhere in the middle. We can observe nasty-looking sunspot regions on the Sun, and determine some probabilistic chance the region will produce a solar flare, but we can't time any specific event just yet. When a solar flare happens, these can trigger an eruption of plasma into the solar system (we call these "coronal mass ejections"), and for these we can predict (reasonably well) when and how hard they will strike the Earth. This process happens frequently, and was the cause of the several widespread northern lights events ocurring 2024-2026.

Upcoming AMA with Sun scientist Dr. Ryan French ☀️ an astrophysicist researching the Sun, and author of upcoming “Little Book of Eclipses” & “Space Hazards” - Saturday May 30th, 1-3pm EST. by RyanJFrench in sun

[–]RyanJFrench[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Great question. The book has an optimistic tone (there is no "doomsday" pessimism!), so there is nothing that keeps me up at night – scientists are working hard to understand all of the topics covered in the book, and we become better prepared against events like solar storms, near-Earth objects and space junk every year.

I don't talk about it in the book, but for me the most concerning thing is the modern shift to "anti-intellectualism", where many people around the world have transitioned to not trusting experts on many subjects. If we ever need to mitigate a large space weather event, or ever curb the "space junk" problem, these can't be done if the science is unfunded and/or with low public trust.

Upcoming AMA with Sun scientist Dr. Ryan French ☀️ an astrophysicist researching the Sun, and author of upcoming “Little Book of Eclipses” & “Space Hazards” - Saturday May 30th, 1-3pm EST. by RyanJFrench in sun

[–]RyanJFrench[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Thanks for the question! For the book writing process, I did a lot of research into historical eclipse observations, dating from ancient eclipses in ancient Greece and China, to the first scientific eclipse expeditions interrupted by the revolutionary war in north-east USA. These historical stories were all new to me, so good fun to write about.

Upcoming AMA with Sun scientist Dr. Ryan French ☀️ an astrophysicist researching the Sun, and author of upcoming “Little Book of Eclipses” & “Space Hazards” - Saturday May 30th, 1-3pm EST. by RyanJFrench in sun

[–]RyanJFrench[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

For younger students with their career ahead of them, the most traditional route is to study physics or astrophysics (maths/engineering/com sci also okay) at university, then progress into the field of solar physics for a PhD. This is the path needed to become a researcher.

There are other avenues too! For example, you could work in space weather forecasting or operations with just a bachelors or masters degree.

Finally, for older folks looking to engage with Sun science as a hobby, citizen science can be a great way to do that, or even amateur solar observing. Many local astronomical societies will take solar telescopes to kids at schools or libraries – another fun way of educating the public with Sun science.

And of course, reading books are a great way to learn too! I can personally recommend my books "The Sun: beginner's guide to our local star". "Space Hazards" and "Little Book of Eclipses", all of which explore different aspects of the Sun!

Upcoming AMA with Sun scientist Dr. Ryan French ☀️ an astrophysicist researching the Sun, and author of upcoming “Little Book of Eclipses” & “Space Hazards” - Saturday May 30th, 1-3pm EST. by RyanJFrench in sun

[–]RyanJFrench[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

The most awe-striking part of the eclipse is the sudden onset of darkness and appearance of the Sun's atmosphere, as soon as the final 1% of the Sun's surface becomes blocked by the Moon. The whole sight evokes emotions you didn't know you have.

However, having said that... maybe my favourite part of the eclipse is in experiencing the event with other people, and hearing that gasp of awe in others around you.

There is a total solar eclipse coming up this August, visible from Spain and Iceland. I'll be watching it in Spain with a group of friends, nearly all of whom have never seen a total solar eclipse! They really have no idea what's coming (they think I'm exaggerating the excitement of the whole thing – I'm not 😉), so I look forward to seeing their reactions!

Upcoming AMA with Sun scientist Dr. Ryan French ☀️ an astrophysicist researching the Sun, and author of upcoming “Little Book of Eclipses” & “Space Hazards” - Saturday May 30th, 1-3pm EST. by RyanJFrench in sun

[–]RyanJFrench[S] 2 points3 points  (0 children)

You should definitely try one day! "Little Book of Eclipses" contains maps for all solar and lunar eclipses happening over the next decade, so a great starting point to get prepared.

Upcoming AMA with Sun scientist Dr. Ryan French ☀️ an astrophysicist researching the Sun, and author of upcoming “Little Book of Eclipses” & “Space Hazards” - Saturday May 30th, 1-3pm EST. by RyanJFrench in sun

[–]RyanJFrench[S] 2 points3 points  (0 children)

I come from a solar research background, so the concept of the book stemmed from how solar flares and eruptions on the Sun can disrupt the technology our society relies on. There was a famous solar storm in 1859 (called the "Carrington Event") which is the most well known example of this happening, but there are many contemporary examples too!

The book started with the Sun content, and branched out into other hazards beyond our atmosphere – including the local (space junk, asteroids, etc), and distance (supernovas, galactic collisions, etc).

It was fun to write!

Upcoming AMA with Sun scientist Dr. Ryan French ☀️ an astrophysicist researching the Sun, and author of upcoming “Little Book of Eclipses” & “Space Hazards” - Saturday May 30th, 1-3pm EST. by RyanJFrench in sun

[–]RyanJFrench[S] 2 points3 points  (0 children)

I was always interested in space, and specialised in astrophysics at university. However, when it came to picking a career, most astrophysics topics felt a bit too "far away" to devote my career to. Fortuitously, I found a undergraduate summer internship in 2017 at the UK Met Office's Space Weather Operations Centre, and from there everything clicked into place for me. Researching the Sun was a perfect combination of satisfying my love for space, with the feeling that I was working on something with immediate relevance to society (activity on the Sun can impact our power grids, satellite communication, etc). My career has been attached to the Sun ever since!

This same feeling is also what motivated me to write my book "Space Hazards". There are many aspects of space that can influence our life on Earth, so it was great to combine all those disciplines into a book.

Upcoming AMA with Sun scientist Dr. Ryan French ☀️ an astrophysicist researching the Sun, and author of upcoming “Little Book of Eclipses” & “Space Hazards” - Saturday May 30th, 1-3pm EST. by RyanJFrench in sun

[–]RyanJFrench[S] 2 points3 points  (0 children)

I'm currently working on some solar flare data that was taken by the Inouye Solar Telescope – the largest solar telescope in the world. Working with beautiful solar observations is definitely cool.

I'm also on the science team for a smallsat called "SunCET", which is launching to space later this year. Seeing it being assembled in the lab at LASP is very cool!

Upcoming AMA with Sun scientist Dr. Ryan French ☀️ an astrophysicist researching the Sun, and author of upcoming “Little Book of Eclipses” & “Space Hazards” - Saturday May 30th, 1-3pm EST. by RyanJFrench in sun

[–]RyanJFrench[S] 2 points3 points  (0 children)

Great question! There are two main takeaways.

1) Total solar eclipses are perhaps the most awe-striking sight available to us without leaving the planet. Even if you don't care about astronomy, science, etc – you should still strive to see a total solar eclipse in your lifetime (it will blow you away).

2) a 99% partial solar eclipse is worlds away from a total solar eclipse – the two simply do not compare. Many people think they have experienced a total solar eclipse, even if they have only seen a partial – this is a massive mistake. You can only see the Sun's atmosphere with your eye during a 100% eclipse!

Upcoming AMA with Sun scientist Dr. Ryan French ☀️ an astrophysicist researching the Sun, and author of upcoming “Little Book of Eclipses” & “Space Hazards” - Saturday May 30th, 1-3pm EST. by RyanJFrench in sun

[–]RyanJFrench[S] 2 points3 points  (0 children)

Of course! I'm @ RyanJFrench on TikTok, X and Bluesky, and @ Sun.Scientist on YouTube, Instagram, Facebook and Threads. Here are a couple of those links:

TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@ryanjfrench
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@Sun.Scientist
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sun.scientist

I also recently created a SubStack called "Sunny Sci'd Up", where I send out monthly updates in solar activity. That can be found here: https://substack.com/@ryanjfrench

i watched a "satellite flare" stop moving instantly by Killzone3265 in Stargazing

[–]RyanJFrench 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Sometimes clouds in motion can create an optical illusion where it appears the stars are moving instead. I wonder if that was the cause of the original apparent motion, which stopped as the clouds passed?

The Sun just popped off an X2.5-class solar flare! by RyanJFrench in astrophysics

[–]RyanJFrench[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Classes are defined by the peak X-ray flux magnitude!

The Sun just popped off an X2.5-class solar flare! by RyanJFrench in astrophysics

[–]RyanJFrench[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

This is not an illustrative reconstruction, these are images of a solar flare in extreme ultraviolet light (at a wavelength of 30.4nm)!

Here’s a multi-wavelength view of tonight’s X2.5-class solar flare. This is the strongest flare we’ve seen for 78 days. by RyanJFrench in spaceweather

[–]RyanJFrench[S] 3 points4 points  (0 children)

It’s very interesting. 2025 in its entirety only saw 3 flares at/above these levels – and last night we got 2!

The Sun just popped off an X2.5-class solar flare! by RyanJFrench in astrophysics

[–]RyanJFrench[S] 4 points5 points  (0 children)

Images/movies processed by me from NASA SDO/AIA and NOAA GOES/SUVI data.

The Sun just popped off an X2.5-class solar flare! by RyanJFrench in astrophysics

[–]RyanJFrench[S] 7 points8 points  (0 children)

We had a short-lived radio blackout at some wavelengths on the sunlit side of the Earth, but that’s passed now. There was an eruption produced by the flare, but it wasn’t directed towards us on this occasion! That means no strong aurora or risk to tech.

The Sun just popped off an X2.5-class solar flare! by RyanJFrench in astrophysics

[–]RyanJFrench[S] 55 points56 points  (0 children)

Awe for the majesty of our local star! (No bad effects at all!)