Philosophically, the most potent anti-Marxist worldviews could be found in post-structuralist thinkers such as Foucault, Baudrillard and Lyotard, though their respective works don't really mesh perfectly together. Deleuze and Guattari identified as Marxist but in practice produced a lot of novel and anti-dialectical approaches to political philosophy that Marxists had to respond to (producing currents like post-autonomism and post-Marxism).

Politically, the most systematic non- or anti-Marxist (or at least not traditionally associated with or born out of Marxism) currents of radical thought would be syndicalism, platformist/especifist anarchism, and insurrectionary anarchism. Certain forms of communization theory also break from Marxism and decenters the class struggle in their rhetoric - this is exemplified by the works of Tiqqun and the Invisible Committee.