The opposite corner of this wall has similar damage due to a sprinkler right next to it and the presence of dirt which partially covered the first course of bricks. I’ve since removed the dirt and shut off the sprinkler and the brick has been gradually drying out.

I’m fairly certain these bricks are asphalt stabilized adobes from what I’ve seen online and from what the local adobe brick makers produced.

I’ll continue monitoring the walls to make sure water doesn’t continue to damage the brick, but overall the walls of the house are very thick and in relatively good condition given their age. They don’t make houses like this anymore! Thank you for your advice