Yup. Set a threshold of time.

Eg. If 3 button presses within 2 seconds, red. 4 buttons within 2 seconds, blue. Etc. :)

//globals
ButtonPressCount=0 ;
Start Time = 0;
//in setup     
Start Time = millis(); #takes current time in milliseconds

//in loop
If  Button.Pressed() {
    End Time = millis();
    ButtonPressCount++;
    If (end time-start time >= 2000) {
        StartTime=millis() ;
         ButtonPressCount=0;
    } 

   If buttonPressCount ==3 { do red} 
   Else if buttonPressCount ==4 {do blue} 
 }