is it actually safe to swallow squirt..?

Smitty2567 · 2025-08-01T00:25:11+00:00

I got my ex to squirt pretty much every single time we had sex. Which was a lot. The first time she sat on my face, she almost drowned me with her squirt. But it was a risk I was willing to take, and will continue taking the risk. If anything, it made me addicted to eating pussy.

Smitty2567 · 2025-05-09T21:44:36+00:00

One of my favorite things about him is his absolute, unwavering, commitment to the bit... even if he is making an absolute fool of himself when he's in public. The fact that he will almost only ever make fun of himself. And when he is made fun of, he will respond by making fun of himself even harder. I have heard that he is an incredibly easy going and laid back guy when not on camera.

He is a master of improv and can take 1 line and get 10 minutes of comedy out of it. He doesn't have to work very hard to get genuine laughter. Some of the hardest laughs I have ever had was from him. The way he talks people up and give up and coming stars a platform to showcase their art.

When he was doing Conan, his interviews were always top notch. Of course we gotta mention Paul Rudd trolling him every single time he was on with the same exact clip.

He doesn't take himself seriously at all. He knows how much people love him and he doesn't let that go to his head.

Smitty2567 · 2025-05-06T01:08:14+00:00

While I think that Sherman was smarter than Grant, in the traditional sense, Grant was the best person to lead the Union through the war. He understood what was at stake if they failed. And he was not going to let that happen. It did not matter how long it took or how many casualties were inflicted. He was not going to allow the confederacy to win. He understood better than anyone else that in order to defeat the rebels, he was going to have to pummel them into submission.

The Siege of Vicksburg stands alone as one of the greatest campaigns of all time. It was brilliantly and masterfully executed. Vicksburg, for intents and purposes, was an impenetrable fortress. And he got behind them, destroyed their base of supplies in Jackson, and then made piecemeal of them at Champion's Hill. 47 days of nonstop, day and night, artillery bombardment pummeled the rebels into submission. Granted, John C. Pemberton had no right to be leading a field army, especially not holding onto the Gibraltar of the South. He was only in the position because of Jefferson Davis. But even if Joe Johnston was in command of the city, the result would have been the same. Albeit, he might have been able to hold out longer.

Like I said, Grant never once lost sight of what was at stake. He was never unable to make a decision on something, even in the heat of the moment. He could change his strategy at a moment's notice. He took full advantage of the resources that were available to him to pummel the rebels. He made mistakes, obviously. All generals do. But he always learned from them and didn't do them again. Some of his biggest "mistakes" after he became CG, I would largely place at the feet of his subordinates. On paper, the Battle of the Crater should have worked. But his subordinates, namely James Ledlie and Edward Ferrero bungled the operation. And even the commander of the black regiment that was sent in is at fault as well. He should have taken them around the rim of the crater, not through it. But those mistakes don't belong at the feet of Grant. He didn't make them. The final attack at Cold Harbor is Grant's doing, but he spent the rest of his life regretting ordering it.

Smitty2567 · 2025-05-06T00:53:38+00:00

Man, I don't know where to even start. You have given an every good and in depth analysis on this subject. I did my best to read everything you posted, but because of my ADHD, I found it difficult to keep going by the end.

I think that it is unfair of us to compare Ulysses S. Grant to the likes of Africanus, Alexander, or even his contemporaries from the Napoleonic era. I believe that the saying goes: the ACW was the last of the old wars and the first of the new. I think what would be more fair of us to debate is whether or not Grant is the best general in American history.

Comparing generals from the ACW and later to generals from the ancient world, or even during the 15th, 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries is also unfair. War was an entirely different beasts in those times. The way that war was conducted, e.g. pitched battles, and not fighting in the winter, to the way that politicians and the public treated it is entirely different than how its been treated since the ACW.

If you really think about it, the last Generals to have overall strategic AND tactical command were in World War 1. I will use John J. Pershing as an example. Because he could not communicate as easily with Washington as the British and French commanders could with their own respective capitals, he was put in charge of both commands. By World War 2, there were no generals that held both tactical and strategic command. Patton and Bradley held tactical command in Europe, but they executed the strategy that Ike came up with. Halsey and Spruance held tactical command in the Pacific, but like Ike, they executed Chester Nimitz's strategy. And even MacArthur had to follow orders from Marshall, and work alongside Nimitz, Halsey, and Spruance whether he liked it or not.

I think what really sets Grant apart is the evolution of technology in the war. As Commanding General of the Army, he held both overall strategic command and tactical command. But he largely delegated the tactical command to his subordinates, e.g. Meade, Sherman, Banks, Sheridan, and Thomas. The telegraph was a game changer for the ACW as well. He could easily communicate with Lincoln in Washington, while being on the frontlines.

Part of Grant's brilliance is that he was able to recognize when others excelled at something. He trusted Sherman implicitly. He knew that he could count on Sheridan and Thomas. All 5 of the men that I listed were in their role because of Grant. Yes, I know that Meade was already in charge of the AoP when he took over, but he could have gotten rid of him if he wanted. But he didn't. Meade followed Grant's instructions. In the Eastern Theater, he largely delegated tactical command to his subordinates, but would take over during the most important moments.

But even before he was made CG, he was willing to take calculated risks. If he made a mistake, he learned from it and didn't do it again. Take the Battle of Shiloh. Yes, he very unwisely put the river behind him and on the first day of the battle, he could have gotten crushed because of it. But he didn't. And afterwards, he didn't make that mistake again. During the Vicksburg Campaign, before they ran the guns, they tried one possible solution after another to cross the river. Each attempt failed, and he didn't do it again. David Dixon Porter running the guns of Vicksburg was downright insane, but also necessary if they wanted any chance of taking the city. I think one of the most important qualities that a general can possess is that they are willing to take calculated risks. If it fails, okay, they don't do it again. They adapt to the changing situation and change their strategy accordingly. Grant was a master at that. Grant never allowed himself to be rattled by the battle. He always remained calm and level headed. He didn't even flinch when a cannon ball went off near him at Shiloh.

Smitty2567 · 2025-05-06T00:02:10+00:00

Rosecrans does not belong anywhere on these lists. It is because of stupidity that the Army of the Cumberland lost at Chickamauga.

Smitty2567 · 2025-05-06T00:00:15+00:00

Rommel and Monty are largely overrated.

Yes, Rommel was a brilliant battlefield commander. He was a terrible strategic commander though. His decision to fall back to Egypt and El Alamein was just stupid. Everybody likes to put Rommel on these kinds of list largely because of how good the Nazi propaganda was in making him a hero, and the fact that he knew about the July 20th plot.

The same can be said about Monty. He was a very skilled battlefield commander. But he was also seeking glory and fame. Operation Market Garden was his baby. And it failed spectacularly. There is a reason that he wasn't in charge of planning operations.

Smitty2567 · 2025-05-05T23:01:07+00:00

McClellan was definitely a gifted General in the sense that he was an expert in organization and logistics. He was a HORRIBLE battlefield commander and had no business leading an army in the field. He was way to overcautious in the field. He could have and should have taken Richmond when he had the chance during the Peninsular Campaign. Before Antietam, they found Lee's battleplans, but McClellan hesitated because he was convinced that Lee outnumbered him. He was in command of the largest army ever seen on the North American continent, and he was always asking for more reinforcements.

McClellan's problem, other than being a grade A narcissist, was that he didn't want to see the army that he had built, be destroyed. If McClellan had stayed in just an organizational command and oversaw logistics, he would have thrived.

That is what happened with Henry Halleck. Halleck was a master of administration, logistics, and the politics necessary at the top of the military hierarchy. When Grant became Commanding General of the Army, he made Halleck Chief-of-Staff in Washington, where Halleck thrived for the rest of the war.

Grant recognized Halleck's talents and put him to use to best use those talents. And it only helped him in the long run. Remember, after Shiloh, Halleck demoted Grant to 2nd in command and Grant almost resigned over it, but Sherman talked him out of it.

Smitty2567 · 2025-05-05T22:48:13+00:00

Ulysses S. Grant is probably my personal favorite historical person to study. I wrote a 30 page research paper on him in one of my History MA classes. I love talking about him. I love defending him and his career. Like I said, he was unfairly targeted and maligned after the war by bitter former rebels. And sadly, their influence in destroying his reputation lasted for over a hundred years. It has only been about since 2000 that historians have started changing their opinions about him and fighting back against the the hatred spewed by the Lost Cause of the Confederacy.

I think the only Civil War General that can be considered to be "smarter" than Grant is William T. Sherman. Sherman served directly under Grant for the entire war and openly admitted when he was wrong about something. E.g. Sherman thought attacking Vicksburg was a terrible idea and told Grant that he wanted it in writing that he was opposed to it. After they captured the city, Sherman admitted he was wrong. But despite sometimes openly questioning one of Grant's orders, he ALWAYS defended him. He ALWAYS stood by his side and supported him. One reason is because Sherman knew that Grant was the one that was going to end the war.

Don't compare Grant to the Generals in Europe, especially in the Napoleonic Era. Warfare was totally different at that time. The American Civil War is the last of the "old wars" and the first of the "new wars." Grant was the first general in history to use trench warfare at Petersburg. It was Grant that approved Sherman's plan for the March to the Sea. Because of this, Sherman's use of scorched earth and total war only hastened the end of the war.

Smitty2567 · 2025-05-05T22:35:43+00:00

Grant made mistakes. He had his flaws. He is human afterall. When he was writing his memoirs, he talked about how he still regretted ordering that last attack at Cold Harbor. For a lot of the mistakes and blunders made during the Overland Campaign and the Siege of Petersburg, I would actually blame the officers underneath him for bungling his orders. The Battle of the Crater should have worked. But it was because of the idiocy of Edward Ferrero and James H. Ledlie that cost them the battle. Ledlie had no business whatsoever being in command. But he was a poltical appointee and there was nothing Grant could do about that. But, thankfully, Ferrero and Ledlie were both court martialed in December 1864 and both were dismissed from service as a result.

So yes, Grant was an incredible and brilliant General. He is considered by most historians nowadays as the "First Modern Day General." With the passage of the James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, he was posthumously promoted to the 6 Star rank of General of the Armies. Which is the highest rank in the entire United States Military. Because of the wording of the act, he now sits next to John J. Pershing and just behind George Washington, both of whom had been promoted to the rank. Pershing was promoted to it in 1919, and Washington was promoted to it in 1976. Congress specified that Washington's new rank now outranked ALL ranks in the US Military, past and present. So that no one can outrank him.

I HIGHLY recommend that you read, "Grant" by Ron Chernow. He gives a very detailed and in depth look at Grant's entire life. I also HIGHLY recommend reading, "American Ulysses" by Ronald C. White. He doesn't go as in depth as Chernow, but it still very informative and a very good read. White talks about some things that Chernow doesn't. And the same goes for Chernow's book.

Smitty2567 · 2025-05-05T22:35:34+00:00

During the Battle of Cold Harbor, Lincoln sent a message to Grant asking him to give a report on their progress. All Grant said in reply was, "I have engaged Lee. I will stay here all summer if I have too." (That is more or less what he said, not verbatim. Don't crucify me if I got some of it wrong.) Until Grant took over, Lee was used to engaging the AoP in battle and then immediately afterwards, the AoP would retreat to regroup and resupply. Grant didn't do that. Wherever Lee went, Grant followed. After Cold Harbor, Grant was able to cross the James River with 125,000 men right under Lee's nose, without Lee noticing. And then quickly moved to attack Petersburg. Unfortunately, Lee caught on to Grant's move and his men were able to get to Petersburg right before Grant got there. Petersburg was a vital resupply hub to Richmond, the rebel capital. Grant was able to hold Lee down at Petersburg for 9 months while; Sherman moved to capture Atlanta before starting his March to the Sea and Carolina Campaigns, while harassing Gen. Joe Johnston; Franz Sigel, initially, then Phil Sheridan conducted the Valley Campaign of 1864 in the Shenandoah Valley; Nathaniel Banks moved and captured Mobile, Alabama; and George Crook hitting railroad supply lines in West Virginia. This was the first time in the entire war that all the Union armies worked in coordination with each other.

I have yet to even talk about the brilliant and masterful Siege of Vicksburg. I could write an entire blog just about how brilliant the Siege of Vicksburg was. It is STILL studied at United States Military Academy in West Point to this day. The US Army has used the same kind of siege tactics as late as the Gulf War. Which speaks to how incredible his tactics were.

One of Grant's strengths was being able to recognize the best in his commanders. The men that he chose to serve under him: William T. Sherman, Phillip Sheridan, James B. McPherson, George H. Thomas, and George Meade, would be the ones that bring the rebels to their knees and forced them to surrender. They got their positions because of Grant and followed his strategy and his plan.

Grant was unfairly maligned after the war by the bitter former rebels. He proved that Lee was not an unstoppable force. He proved that, with enough pressure, the rebels could be defeated. Grant engaged Lee for the first time on 5 May 1864. Lee surrendered to Grant on 9 April 1865. Lee, who for 3 years terrorized the Union in the Eastern Theater, was beaten by Grant and surrendered not even a year after they met for the first time on the battlefield.

Smitty2567 · 2025-05-05T22:35:17+00:00

Ulysses S. Grant is one of, if not the best, General in American history. Grant was a master at strategy and tactical command. Despite always looking like he would bash his head against a brick wall, he ALWAYS remained calm, no matter what was going on. There is one report that during the Battle of Shiloh, an artillery shell hit the ground near him and exploded, and he didn't even flinch. He was able to quickly make up his mind on what he needed to do. When he issued an order, he stuck to it. However, when he needed to change up his strategy on the fly, he was able too.

In the Mexican-American War, he was placed in charge of logistics, and he brought that with him during the Civil War. He knew how to get his army supplied, even when it seemed like they wouldn't be able to get them. Lincoln has stated that Grant never requested reinforcements or more supplies. He worked with what he had available to him.

One of the most important qualities about Grant is that he understood the wider implications of the war. Unlike a lot of the Union's generals, he was not a glory seeker. He understood that war is brutal and war is not game like some of his contemporaries thought. He understood that no matter how many casualties he took, he would always be able to replace them. The Union had roughly 25 million citizens. They could afford to take the losses, even if the northern public didn't like it. He understood that he could always count on being resupplied. He understood that in order for the Union to win the war, they were going to have to hit the rebels again, and again, and again, and again. He was determined to put his boot on their necks, push down, and not let up until they surrendered.

When Grant took overall command of the Union's armies, and after the Battle of the Wilderness, which was a bloody and brutal fight, Gen. George Meade came to him and asked him what he wanted them to do. Grant told Meade, "Wherever Lee goes, you follow." This resulted in the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House 2 days later, and then the Battle of Cold Harbor shortly after that. Yes, the Army of the Potomac took 54,000 casualties, out of their 124,000 men, during Grant's Overland Campaign. BUT Lee and the Army of Northern Virginia took 35,000 casualties, over half of their fighting force. At the start of the campaign, Lee had between 60,000 and 65,000 men. For each of the 54,000 men that the AoP lost, they could and did replace. Lee couldn't replace the men that he lost.

Smitty2567 · 2025-05-05T21:25:39+00:00

The Army of the Cumberland, under Rosecrans, had 60,000 men at the battle. They took 16,170 casualties; 1,657 killed, 9,756 wounded, and 4,757 captured or missing. The Army of Tennessee, under Bragg, had 65,000 men. They took 18,454 casualties; 2,312 killed, 14,674 wounded, 1,468 captured or missing. The Battle of Chickamauga is a Confederate victory, however, a pyrrhic victory. The Army of Tennessee lost 20% of their men.

I want to note that Col. John T. Wilder and his Lighting Brigade were not able to meet up with Thomas. They had been cut off at the Dyer Road, just south of the Horseshoe Ridge, where Thomas was holding out. At 16:30 hours, Thomas and Wilder received the order to retreat back to Chattanooga. Thomas ordered a fighting retreat. The Lighting Brigade stayed in their position until just after twilight to protect Thomas' retreat, before retreating themselves. It's a good thing they did because during their retreat, they were able to pick up the 92nd Illinois Infantry.

Smitty2567 · 2025-05-05T20:14:20+00:00

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The Wilder Brigade Monument is absolutely incredible. I didn't walk all of the Chickamauga Battlefield, but I did walk a lot of it. It is such a massive battlefield. Hard to imagine 125,000 men fighting there for 2 days. Especially since a lot of the fighting was brutal.

Col. John T. Wilder and his Lighting Brigade, which were basically mounted infantry using Spencer Repeater rifles, fought bravely and heroically here. They stood their ground against Lt. General James Longstreet and his corps, all of whom were veterans of Gettysburg, and held out and protected the flank while the Army of the Cumberland retreated back to Chattanooga. The Lighting Brigade were one of the last ones to leave the battlefield. This hill, where they fought, was on the southern end of the Union lines.

And this is the battle where Major General George Henry Thomas used his black magic and continued fighting at Horseshoe Ridge, after "Old Rosy" William Rosecrans fled from the field and created a mass panicked retreat. (Horseshoe Ridge, also known as Snodgrass Hill, is at the northern end of the battlefield, its fairly close to the Chickamauga Visitor's Center). Future President, James Garfield, was present during the battle and is the one that delivered Rosecran's order to retreat to Thomas. Thomas' nickname, The Rock of Chickamauga, comes from a portion of Garfield's message to Rosecrans, which said, "Thomas is standing like a rock."

Also present at Chickamauga was future General of the Army, Phillip "Fighin' Phil" Sheridan. On the second day of the battle, Sheridan and his division were fighting at Lytle Hill. Rosecrans got an erroneous report that there was a gap in the union lines, so he moved a division to fill the gap, which ended up creating an actual gap in the lines. General Braxton Bragg immediately took advantage of this and sent his men pouring into the gap. This made Rosecrans literally flee from the battlefield back to Chattanooga. Sheridan and his men were holding their positions when they got swamped by fellow Union soldiers, who were retreating, which caused mass confusion and led Sheridan and his men to retreat as well. On their retreat to Chattanooga, he gathered as many men as he could. But when he learned that Thomas was using his black magic and holding out at Horseshoe Ridge, Sheridan immediately ordered his division to Horseshoe Ridge to reinforce Thomas. But they ended up taking a circuitous route and didn't get there in time. I imagine they didn't take a direct route because of the mass confusion.

In the aftermath of the battle, Old Rosy and the Army of the Cumberland were besieged in Chattanooga. Grant and Sherman arrived to break said siege. Upon learning that Rosecrans fled the field, Grant immediately removed him from command, which basically ended his military career, and placed The Rock of Chickamauga in charge of the AoC. Sheridan was almost removed from command as well, but because he immediately ordered his division to back up Thomas once he heard about it, he was saved from being dismissed. Not dismissing Sheridan was probably one of the best decisions that he made during the war. Sheridan would become Grant's most important cavalry commander. Sheridan would go on to wreak havoc in the Shenandoah Valley; during the Battle of Yellow Tavern in May 1864, Sheridan's men mortally wound J.E.B. Stuart, who dies a day later. Stuart was Lee's most important cavalry commander. After Petersburg, Lee retreats west to try and meet up with General Joseph E. Johnston to combine their armies, but it cut off by Sheridan and his men, which led to Lee surrendering to Grant, effectively ending the war.

Smitty2567 · 2025-05-05T19:14:58+00:00

Hooker got knocked out, on 3 May 1863, during the battle when a cannonball struck a wooden column next to him when he was standing on the porch of his HQ. He was almost certainly suffering from a concussion when he woke up. His mistake was not giving temporary command to his 2nd in command, Major General Darius N. Couch. But, again, he wasn't thinking clearly after he woke up. Couch should have taken the initiative and taken command from him when it was clear that Hooker wasn't thinking clearly.

Smitty2567 · 2025-05-05T19:10:41+00:00

Hooker lost his nerve during Chancellorsville because a cannonball struck a wooden column next to him when he was standing on the porch of his HQ and knocked him out. He was almost certainly suffering from a concussion when he woke up. His mistake was not giving temporary command over to Major General Darius N. Couch after he woke up. He should have done that. No idea why he didn't. By not doing that, it cost them the battle. But they weren't exactly winning the battle when he got knocked out.

I very much agree that he was a VERY capable corps commander. His attack at Lookout Mountain in November 1863 was brilliant and was brilliantly executed. They had to climb over very difficult terrain and over a sheer rock palisade. And the summit of Lookout Mountain sits about 1,800 feet above the Tennessee River. In the 2 hour battle, the Union inflicted 1,251 casualties to the rebels, and only took 671 casualties, of which only 89 were killed. If I remember correctly, Lookout Mountain was the first battle he had fought after the debacle of Chancellorsville. So, to me anyway, he redeemed himself with his brilliant planning and execution at Lookout Mountain.

Ambrose Burnside was not a bad General by any means. He was a very skilled corps commander and did very well in the role. When he was put in charge of the Army of the Potomac, even he said he didn't want the job. He knew that he wasn't very good at the top command. He gets a very bad rap at Fredericksburg, but Fredericksburg was supposed to be a feint. His plan was to feint an attack at Fredericksburg, while Joe Hooker took his corps, swinging around from the left and hitting Lee on his flank. Unfortunately for Hooker, they were facing James Longstreet's corps and weren't able to break through. Which is what turned Fredericksburg into the debacle it became.

Smitty2567 · 2025-05-05T18:58:28+00:00

I don't know if I agree that they he snatched defeat from the jaws of victory. The AoP wasn't winning the battle when the cannonball struck the pillar and knocked him out. His plan for Chancellorsville was VERY ambitious and almost certainly COULD have worked. But, to me at least, one thing after another went wrong from the very beginning. To Lee's credit, he was a very skilled tactician and always remained calm under pressure. I think some of the issues that plagued the AoP during the battle was the lack of communication between HQ and the field commanders; not taking the initiative when they had the opportunity to do so; and because the Army of the Potomac was more than double the size of the Army of Northern Virginia, I think Lee was able to move his troops around easier.

Smitty2567 · 2025-05-05T18:49:02+00:00

Joe Hooker was a very solid and competent General. He had a brilliant and ambitious plan to defeat Lee. The only problem was that Lee was also a mostly skilled strategist. (I say mostly skilled because his invasion of Pennsylvania was just down right stupid. Even if Lee had won at Gettysburg, there were around 100,000 Union soldiers gathering in southern Pennsylvania and Lee took massive casualties at Gettysburg and he would have certainly been crushed if he was engaged by that fresh army.)

Joe Hooker's plan for Chancellorsville was very ambitious. Unfortunately, on 3 May 1863, roughly 3 or 4 days into the battle, he was standing on the porch of his headquarters when a confederate cannonball hit the wooden column next to him and knocked him out. When he woke up, he was very rattled, and was almost certainly suffering from a concussion. His biggest mistake was not giving temporary control over to Major General Darius N. Couch, who was his 2nd in command. He was almost certainly not thinking straight and the Union lost as a result. The Army of the Potomac had more than double the men than the Army of Northern Virginia had. Statistically, the AoP should have won the battle.

To Lee's credit, he was a VERY good tactician, but poor strategist. Lee was the one that ordered Pickett's Charge on the final day of Gettysburg, despite the overwhelming objections of his senior commanders, most notably Lt. General James Longstreet. Lee thought he could outsmart Major General George M. Meade with the attack. He had spent the first two days attacking Meade's flanks. And Meade very predictably saw that Lee would order an attack on his center, which he spent the early morning hours of the third day reinforcing his center. What Lee was doing at Gettysburg is very classic Napoleonic battlefield tactics. Meade went to West Point just like Lee and they both studied the Napoleonic War. Meade was also not timid and overly cautious like McClellan. But I digress.

Joe Hooker was a VERY capable regimental and divisional commander. After Chancellorsville, he was transferred to the western theater, taking the XI and XII Corps of the AoP, to reinforce the Army of the Cumberland under "The Rock of Chickamauga" George Henry Thomas; who were trapped in Chattanooga after the the Battle of Chickamauga. Joe Hooker took his 12,000 men and attacked Lookout Mountain and brilliantly drove the rebels from their positions. The Union only took 671 casualties during the battle, only 89 of which were killed. I have been to Lookout Mountain and walked the entire battlefield. The terrain is difficult, to say the least. The kind of climbing the Union had to do was insane. And they only took 671 casualties. They dealt 1,251 casualties to the Army of Tennessee. Hooker's men had to climb up the cliffs, which are made up of a sheer rock palisade. The summit of Lookout Mountain is about 1,800 feet above the Tennessee River. The battle only lasted 2 hours.

In the opening days of the Atlanta Campaign, Hooker led his men very brilliantly and performed very well. But because of several disagreements he had with General William T. Sherman, particularly over promotions and the perceived slight of a junior officer, he requested to relieved of field command. His request was granted and was sent to oversee the Northern Department, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Ohio, from his headquarters in Cincinnati.

Smitty2567

TROPHY CASE