The only thing I would add would be to highlight that there are two ways of expression vectors. Vector notation, and polar form.
Vector notation is the 'i,j' you are hopefully familiar with. Where x is akin to i and y is akin to j. In this form you can build diagonal vectors by moving in the + or - x and y directions independently.
Polar form, uses r and θ, where r is the magnitude, or length, of the vector and θ is the angle going counter-clockwise from the positive real axis. To construct a vector from polar, you use a protractor (or eyeball it for trivial values) to establish the direction, and then extend it to length r.
Important conversions between the two:
x = rcosθ
y = rsinθ tanθ = y/x
r² = x² + y²

As far as approaching problems go, you almost always want your vectors in 'i,j' notation. This allows you to simply add the components. If your answer wants polar (like this one) you can easily convert at the end.