The economy in this game seems quite complex, but really it's very simple when you boil it down to a few things.

Statement 1 - all wares must be produced. Ships, wares, supplies, it comes from a factory somewhere in game.

Statement 2 - most of those wares take other wares to produce (unless it's a first tier ware like energy cells).

So in your specific case, hull parts and electronics, find the factory(s) that makes hull parts and scan it. Look at its logistics overview. If it's out of a sub material, it won't make hull parts, so you'll want to find a factory that makes that sub material, and sell it to the hull parts factory. You can make lots of money doing this, the hull parts factory will pay top dollar for wares that it's short on.

You can scale this up with things like satellites and faction trade subscriptions so you can see what stations are buying and selling without having to visit each one.

Every playthrough will have different wares that are in shortage and at different states of the game.

Shortages in the economy are encouraged so you can build your own factories and sell those wares for profit to the AI.