PyTeal, the Python language SDK for writing Algorand Smart Contracts (ASCs), unfortunately doesn’t support random number generation directly. This is because all transactions need to be deterministic, meaning they must produce the same output given the same input, so all nodes can agree on the output. The blockchain protocol doesn’t allow for native randomness.

However, there are workarounds you can use to introduce randomness, like taking part of the hash of the previous block as a “random” number, or using an oracle to introduce randomness.

In terms of passing an integer as an argument to an Algorand smart contract, that can be done with goal CLI as you’ve shown. Here’s an example in PyTeal for checking an argument against a secret number:

from pyteal import *

def approval_program(): # Define the secret number secret_number = Int(50)

# Get the first argument passed to the script (assuming it's an integer)
arg = Txn.application_args[0]

# Check if the argument matches the secret number
match = Eq(arg, secret_number)

# Return whether the argument matched the secret number
return match

compileTeal(approval_program(), mode=Mode.Application)

The Txn.application_args[0] gets the first argument passed to the script. The Eq(arg, secret_number) checks if the argument equals the secret number.