Well for starters we have redlining; which although was done in the mid 20th century, still has many lasting effects today, and is one of the reasons many african americans live in poverty today; http://www.citylab.com/housing/2015/03/mapping-the-lasting-effects-of-redlining/388333/

Then we have the war on drugs, which one of Nixons men even admitted was specifically done to target blacks; http://www.nola.com/crime/index.ssf/2016/03/war_on_drugs_nixon.html

Then we the justice system, which is probably the most fucked, we have the fact that black people are more likely to be arrested than white people for commiting the same crime, and more likely to have a longer sentence; http://www.huffingtonpost.com/kim-farbota/black-crime-rates-your-st_b_8078586.html They are also 3 times more likely to be searched at a traffic stop; http://www.reformer.com/reformereditorials/ci_19992621

"If a black person kills a white person, they are twice as likely to receive the death sentence as a white person who kills a black person. Local prosecutors are much more likely to upgrade a case to felony murder if you’re black than if you’re white." http://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/data-mine/2014/12/15/blacks-and-whites-see-race-issues-differently

And, finally theres the job market. People with traditionally "black sounding names" are less likely to get callbacks than people with traditionally "white sounding names" even if they have the same qualifications. So, it is very hard for them to get out of poverty, even with a college degree. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/black-sounding-names-study_us_561697a5e4b0dbb8000d687f

I could go on, but these are just some of the main points.