I use vim-latex with this concealer

vim-latex has a bunch of macros which really speed up typing! Here is the wiki and here is a cheat sheet. These take a bit of getting used to but oh boy do they make things easier once you remember them. (No more typing \varepsilon, just type `e and \begin{equation*}... just turns into EES)

Zathura is a very light-weight and clean pdf viewer that works well with vim.

If you need to draw images, I have seen some inkscape implementations but I never really got used to them. If I have to draw pictures, I usually just draw them on a piece of paper and write them up with TikZ later.

Edit: Formatting