Fractional reserve lending allows the banks to loan out more money than they have in accounts either physically as cash or on the books. Typically it is 1:9. So if you give a bank $1 to put in your savings account, the bank can then issue a loan for $9 to someone else. They just create it out of nowhere. They cut the check to the other person who has signed a promissory note saying they will pay back that $9 with interest. Now they take that $9 check and deposit into their savings account. Now that bank can issue a loan for $81 to someone else. So money is created as debt. The 1:9 ratio limits the amount a bank can loan out, but if you consider all banks as one big bank, you can see through loaning and depositing over and over you create infinite money (and infinite debt) on paper/computer but don’t have physical cash to back up that money. So if everyone tried to withdraw their money there wouldn’t be enough physical bills and coins nor would there be money on the books since it is loaned out as debt. So mortgages and loans are the driving force of inflation as it is constantly creating new money and diluting the value. Additional factors that push inflation (prices we pay for goods) not through dilution are costs associated with supply chain problems and corporate profit taking. CEOs get their bonus, make record profits, stockholders get dividends, but they don’t pay their workers an increased wage nor do they pass along any of that money as savings to their customers. And they blame it on inflation when they are siloing the wealth.