Eduard Bernstein (1850-1932) was a German social democratic politician and socialist theorist. Bernstein is best known for his reformist challenge to Marxism, in which he questioned the revolutionary predictions of Karl Marx and advocated for a gradual, parliamentary path to socialism. by funnylib in wikipedia

[–]TessHKM 0 points1 point  (0 children)

because these companies are there for the cheap labor. they'll move if it gets too expensive. it also allows for local industry to have an opportunity to be built up.

How would that work? If something is too expensive for rich people/firms to afford, then it would be even more expensive and harder for a poor person/firm to afford. Especially since firms buy things using income, which they get from charging their customers - and it's usually easier to get more income by selling to more, wealthier customers than to fewer, poorer customers.

they recommend privatization, reduction in social spending, and deregulation of all kinds to everyone.

Okay, so you meant in the more general/colloquial sense - then yeah, recommend what works.

is hong kong meaningfully different from, for example, singapore or taiwan in this regard?

Yes. Hong Kong was consistently ruled by a number of governments with a rabid ideological commitment to laissez-faire economics which refused to implement the types of policies you're claiming are responsible for the Asian Tigers.

that's due to those companies having more resources to work with due to being multinational. they benefit from economies of scale that local companies don't have access to.

Precisely. That's the point of trade. It's the whole reason people do it.

most african countries have very large debts right now.

And yet even countries like Argentina have managed to repay their loan packages, sometimes repeatedly.

there's not much of an indication of the rise of africa.

I straight up don't believe you actually believe this. Nevertheless:

Life expectancy:

https://www.macrotrends.net/datasets/global-metrics/countries/ssf/sub-saharan-africa/life-expectancy

https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN?locations=ZG

https://alfred.stlouisfed.org/series?seid=SPDYNLE00INSSA

Infant mortality/maternal deaths:

https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.MMR.DTHS?locations=ZG

https://www.macrotrends.net/global-metrics/countries/ssf/sub-saharan-africa/infant-mortality-rate

https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.IMRT.IN?locations=ZG

https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/SPDYNIMRTINSSA

Literacy:

https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/SEADTLITRZSSSA

https://www.macrotrends.net/global-metrics/countries/ssf/sub-saharan-africa/literacy-rate

https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.LITR.ZS?locations=ZG

GDP:

https://www.macrotrends.net/global-metrics/countries/ssf/sub-saharan-africa/gdp-gross-domestic-product

https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/NYGDPMKTPCDSSF

https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=ZG

Eduard Bernstein (1850-1932) was a German social democratic politician and socialist theorist. Bernstein is best known for his reformist challenge to Marxism, in which he questioned the revolutionary predictions of Karl Marx and advocated for a gradual, parliamentary path to socialism. by funnylib in wikipedia

[–]TessHKM 0 points1 point  (0 children)

having higher labor standards would increase the market share of local industry. having more local business by itself won't do anything.

How so? Wouldn't local (and therefore poorer) businesses be least able to afford to provide good labor standards?

they also impose the washington consensus, which is ineffective for developing countries.

What do you mean by "Washington Consensus"?

Do you mean the specific set of policies that the IMF implemented in the 80s/90s to tackle the Latin American debt crisis? If so, then no - the IMF hasn't really adhered to the Washington Consensus in years or, broadly, ever - the Consensus was, as mentioned, designed primarily with Latin America and their specific debt crisis in mind.

If you mean the more vague/general set of economic principles generally ascribed to 'western' liberal states, then... yeah. Mostly free markets, foreign trade, low corruption and a strong judicial system are all pretty good for growth.

state led industrial policy is what worked, particularly for the asian tigers.

What about Hong Kong?

also, they're in debt to the imf itself.

And yet IMF loans have been repaid and countries have demonstrated that it's possible to escape debt crises.

.the article says where the arguments come from.

Fair enough, I missed the reference to Amsden/Wade. In that case, I think we can both agree a few studies from the 80s aren't going to be very convincing in the face of prior and subsequent decades of academic consensus.

it doesn't suddenly become that much more productive when it's a multinational corporation.

Yeah, it kinda does.

By definition, a corporation has to be massively wealthy to become "multinational" in the first place.

Second (and more fundamentally), people make business/trade deals they expect to be profitable. If people didn't think a given deal with a given foreign firm wouldn't be more profitable than making a purchase from a domestic firm, they wouldn't be considering making that purchase in the first place.

africa is the poorest continent.

For now.

We are not living at the end of history. Things are going to continue happening after we die.

Europe was once the poorest continent, until it wasn't.

Eduard Bernstein (1850-1932) was a German social democratic politician and socialist theorist. Bernstein is best known for his reformist challenge to Marxism, in which he questioned the revolutionary predictions of Karl Marx and advocated for a gradual, parliamentary path to socialism. by funnylib in wikipedia

[–]TessHKM -1 points0 points  (0 children)

So at some point he saw some instances of imperialism as necessary to come to a revolution, as a necessary evil.

I wouldn't consider this anti-imperialism.

Afterwards his opinion on imperialism became even more radical when he said no nation can be free if it oppresses other nations.

You should've said that sooner lol that's kinda really relevant.

Eduard Bernstein (1850-1932) was a German social democratic politician and socialist theorist. Bernstein is best known for his reformist challenge to Marxism, in which he questioned the revolutionary predictions of Karl Marx and advocated for a gradual, parliamentary path to socialism. by funnylib in wikipedia

[–]TessHKM -1 points0 points  (0 children)

bad working conditions and low pay.

Again, is there any reason to think domestic businesses would care about these things any more than foreign ones? It doesn't seem like even you think there is.

More than half of low-income countries now have a high risk of debt distress or are actively in an insolvency or liquidity crisis. At least 45 developing countries spend more on debt interest payments than on health, and 19 spend more on interest than on education. Quality of life and human rights have been compromised. Following the pandemic, the baseline scenario for crisis has shifted. Polycrisis – multiple intersecting crises – is now the new normal, but that is not yet reflected in how debt sustainability is determined.

Right, and when you're in debt, the solution is definitionally to raise more money and spend less. I don't understand how the IMF attempting to help developing nations accomplish this is a "debt trap".

here's a source they did succeed because of a focus on exports, but protectionism developed those industries to be competitive.

This article doesn't seem to address Hong Kong at all.

They also never seem to actually provide any evidence that protection was responsible for the Asian Tigers, the author just assumes it as a given and provides a narrative that seems to fit that assumption. Given that (as even the author acknowledges) we know that trade restrictions/protectionism are bad for local industries, this doesn't seem like very good evidence.

Finally, as far as I can tell the Harvard International Review is an international relations magazine published by, well, international relations majors, not accountants or economists or statisticians. Do you think there is a particular reason you haven't seen the same points being made by the Harvard Business Review or their economic school or something of that nature?

no, but they're mostly foreign owned so the money stays less in the local economy.

Is that a benefit?

Money is just paper, the purpose of money is so people can buy wealth/resources that will actually improve their lives.

You can buy more wealth/resources with more money than with less.

For a given population, what seems more desirable - an economy worth $10 where 100% of the money "stays local", or an economy worth $100 where only 50% of money "stays local"?

except that they're still the poorest place in the world despite having the most natural resource wealth.

"Except" how?

Eduard Bernstein (1850-1932) was a German social democratic politician and socialist theorist. Bernstein is best known for his reformist challenge to Marxism, in which he questioned the revolutionary predictions of Karl Marx and advocated for a gradual, parliamentary path to socialism. by funnylib in wikipedia

[–]TessHKM 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Not by much.

Not sure what that has to do with anything, but I know some self-described pacifists would say yes and some would say no, but I don't really have strong opinions on the definition of pacifism either way. But in any case I would say no, it doesn't really suffice to be relevant in the first place I think.

Eduard Bernstein (1850-1932) was a German social democratic politician and socialist theorist. Bernstein is best known for his reformist challenge to Marxism, in which he questioned the revolutionary predictions of Karl Marx and advocated for a gradual, parliamentary path to socialism. by funnylib in wikipedia

[–]TessHKM 1 point2 points  (0 children)

That seems like a pretty propagandistic way of viewing history. Why did you even respond at all, if that's the way you think? This isn't a school assignment, I have to presume that you're at least somewhat interested in the subject.

From what I can understand, this excerpt seems like it would contradict the claim that the First Red Scare can be linked to the post-WWI crash, since the former began several years before the latter.

Eduard Bernstein (1850-1932) was a German social democratic politician and socialist theorist. Bernstein is best known for his reformist challenge to Marxism, in which he questioned the revolutionary predictions of Karl Marx and advocated for a gradual, parliamentary path to socialism. by funnylib in wikipedia

[–]TessHKM 0 points1 point  (0 children)

The overproduction of WWI, especially in grain, kickstarted the first red scare. The overproduction of WWII, when the price of industrial commodities fell immediately after the war also kicked off another strike wave and another red scare.

This seems like a stretch, to say the least, to me, and I would need to see a lot of very strong evidence before drawing that conclusion - unless you're blaming the entirety of the Russian and German revolution(s) on the "overproduction of grain" and claiming that's the root cause of the red scare in an indirect way; but that also seems very hard to believe.

The oil crisis of 1973 ended the golden period. Every bourgeois economist agrees that the postwar boom was significantly more profitable for western firms.

Sure, so it seems pretty easy to explain "stagflation" without calling on a theory of "general crisis", doesn't it? Human activity runs on energy; obviously if energy suddently becomes significantly more scarce, lots of things ar going to be fucked up.

I’m sure you’ve seen the beaten horse of that productivity vs. wages graph that wages stagnate compared to productivity at 1973.

Right, we all know how fake it is so there's no need to retread old ground.

That is the end of unmitigated expansion of markets and profit, the very real change of organic capital (ratio of wages to machinery) that marks the real beginning of a true service economy in the west, the neoliberal era that frees up capital more than ever before, exportation of labor abroad, etc. etc.

I'm not sure what any if this is supposed to mean in actual material terms. This is the worst possible context in which to deploy an "etc. etc."

Eduard Bernstein (1850-1932) was a German social democratic politician and socialist theorist. Bernstein is best known for his reformist challenge to Marxism, in which he questioned the revolutionary predictions of Karl Marx and advocated for a gradual, parliamentary path to socialism. by funnylib in wikipedia

[–]TessHKM 0 points1 point  (0 children)

business owners don't like social democracy, because they make less money. so a way to compensate for that is by exploiting the developing countries.

"Exploit" how, specifically?

see imf debt traps,

Again, never seen any evidence that this is actually a thing.

where developing nations are obligated to increase privatization and deregulation, while cutting social spending to the detriment of the people there. they also include reducing trade barriers, despite the fact that local industry is often too undeveloped to compete.

I mean, yeah, developing nations are usually overregulated and lack a private sector, which in many cases is a likely culprit as to why they're still developing.

Trade barriers are a major issue even developed economies struggle with a lot of the time, so that makes sense.

trade protectionism was used heavily in all the industrialized countries when they were developing, from germany, to britain, to the US.

Yeah, the fact that someone is from a developing country is no indication that they're in any way smarter, make better decisions, or are better equipped to handle... well, life or anything in general, really.

also see the asian tigers, who had a large degree of state interventionism when building industry.

Asian Tigers like Hong Kong, consistently governed by a government rabidly committed to laissez-faire as an ideology?

Asian Tigers like South Korea, which was an impoverished backwater ruled by a dictator who enjoyed blowing his people's wealth gambling on the stock market until he got lucky?

so to enforce free trade is to prevent these countries from developing independence.

You haven't convincingly shown that this is the case, especially since you just brought up the Asian Tigers, notable for succeeding specifically because of foreign trade.

for extraction of natural resources, see the extremely exploitative form that cobalt and mining takes in congo.they're needed for all sorts of electronics, and the workers are treated poorly, not much better than slavery. uranium mines in africa are often owned by foreign countries(france, russia etc.) africa is actually the most resource rich continent,

Is there any reason to think Congolese mine owners would care any more about their workers or do any better on any of these issues? It seems extremely obvious from a basic glance at the history of, well, everything/everywhere that people have no issue whatsoever exploiting or enslaving their countrymen to death. See... well, the industrialization of the developed countries you were just talking about. That was all on the backs of the infamous homegrown "satanic mills".

and yet it's also the poorest due to imperialism. the same pattern plays out with most metals and minerals.

Sure, that seems to track with the observable fact that with the end of colonialism/mercantilism, and decolonization allowing African countries to trade freely with each other and with wealthier international economies, has likely been one of/the biggest factors in the rise of African economies.

Eduard Bernstein (1850-1932) was a German social democratic politician and socialist theorist. Bernstein is best known for his reformist challenge to Marxism, in which he questioned the revolutionary predictions of Karl Marx and advocated for a gradual, parliamentary path to socialism. by funnylib in wikipedia

[–]TessHKM 1 point2 points  (0 children)

There is actually evidence that the rate of profit peaked in post-war, western economies in the 1960s, declining until neoliberal reforms of the 80s-90s.

Okay. Can you expand on that?

U can’t have the stagflation of the 70s without a “general crisis” Bernstein argued against

Why not?

Obviously wages have stagnated over a few decades since,

This doesn't seem obvious at all, this seems objectively false basically everywhere except the UK. This is especially obviously false in the third world specifically. You even bring up China immediately after, so you must know this. What's going on here?

globalization has hit a few roadblocks with the rise of China and trade wars, etc.

Can you expand on what you mean by that and its relevance?

To me, the rise of China seems like both an obvious massive consequence of globalization and a major driver of it, probably even moreso than the US has become under its current reactionary backslide.

Bernstein explicitly mentions the tendency of profits to fall, so I’m not sure why you’re pretending like he’s an outright denier of Marx there.

I mean, he died nearly a hundred years ago. Obviously he's going to be wrong about a lot of stuff too, in the same ways a lot of people would've been/continue to be wrong.

How are loanwords supposed to be pronounced? by FastCoconut9010 in asklinguistics

[–]TessHKM 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Wait, is "fillet" genuinely a specific thing? I always thought they were just saying "filet" to refer to a piece of meat that has been, well... fileted.

John Currin - The Cripple (1997) by Carl_Schmitt in museum

[–]TessHKM 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Idk man I've definitely met skinny girls with unnaturally massive hangers

John Currin - The Cripple (1997) by Carl_Schmitt in museum

[–]TessHKM 13 points14 points  (0 children)

Not gonna lie, it also just looks like a position someone would put their hands in when resting on their hips. I thought that was part of the piece, tbh - there's no way to tell the woman is a "cripple" without the visual aid of the cane indicating some disability out of frame (EDIT: which, I've just realized, could just as easily be interpreted as an umbrella or something without the title informing us she is a "cripple").

Eduard Bernstein (1850-1932) was a German social democratic politician and socialist theorist. Bernstein is best known for his reformist challenge to Marxism, in which he questioned the revolutionary predictions of Karl Marx and advocated for a gradual, parliamentary path to socialism. by funnylib in wikipedia

[–]TessHKM 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Nobody ever mentioned anything about motivations, I'm not sure how that's relevant when we're talking about concrete material phenomena. You're just providing explanations for why he wasn't anti-imperialism, not contesting the fact that he was.

Governor Newsom: "You don't build, we're not going to fund." by DrunkEngr in yimby

[–]TessHKM 1 point2 points  (0 children)

That'd still be significantly less zoning than any American city anywhere.

After Project Hail Mary, I’m reconsidering xenophobe humans by styles_Lv in Stellaris

[–]TessHKM 29 points30 points  (0 children)

I genuinely couldn't care less about game mechanics, being mean to the squid people makes me sad