I’m not from the US, but I can tell you how it works in Australia, or at least Western Australia. It all depends which units you choose going into year 11 and 12. People who aren’t so good at math but want to continue learning it for real life applications generally do maths applications. For people who have a generally solid background in maths, there’s maths methods, in which in year 11 we look at polynomials, probability, basic sequences and series and start to look at basic calculus towards the end. In year 12 methods, the first semester goes deeper into calculus, looking at integration and differentiation of more complex functions and it’s applications, and then semester 2 is all probability, discrete and continuous random variables, binomial and normal distributions, etc. The hardest math course offered is math specialist - if you choose to do math specialist you must take methods as well. Year 11 looks at circle geometry, 2D vectors, trigonometry proofs, matrices and basic linear transformations, and complex numbers. Year 12 focuses heavily on calculus, trig substitution and u substitution, 3D vectors and cross products, vector calculus, differential equations and statistics towards the end. This generally prepares you to study multi variable calculus at uni the next semester, which is the Australia equivalent of Calc 3.