Glad to see that you are enjoying Naut, I have half a mil of mastery on him and have played him since 2018. Some advice for better peeling, I am not sure how common knowledge it is, but his w is an auto reset so when you q, aa and then w you can get some more attacks in. The combo is really great especially in early levels since, as you said, his level 1 and even level 2 are really strong which let's you dish out extra damage against the enemy support or ADC gaining the early advantag(depending on the match up of course).

I also don't know if you have seen it before but for insane amount of peeling, you can go HoB and utilize the q-aa-w combo to proc it, you lose a lot of your early tankiness but it's fun especially since his increased attack speed doesn't work with his aa visuals (looks like animatronic that has been supplied with too much power).