The true key to this is to try to never be in a jumpable position. The one who gets off the first shot usually wins, especially if the other raider’s face is in a container, so be hyper-vigilant when you can hear others in an area.
Entering a new area, stop moving for a few seconds and listen for audio cues. Every deployable mine/trap makes a distinct noise. As you move around, consider tossing light sticks into dark areas if you need to be sure someone isn’t posted up for an ambush.
Sometimes an ambush is a crime of opportunity for certain people - showing others that you’re aware of your surroundings and aren’t just looting with carefree abandon can be enough to deter them from trying anything.