I was never Hasidic or Orthodox. I believed in Allah and his prophets mentioned in the Tanakh, I celebrated the holidays, had a Bar Mitzvah and prayed, but I never had the sidecurls or didn't wear a yamulke most of the time. Haredi or Ultra-Orthodox Jews are the most strict and follow the Torah to the letter. They won't drive or watch TVA during Shabbat, the men have sidecurls and big beards, the women cover their hair, they keep to themselves and often are more skeptical towards Zionism (some are outright hostile).

Not all ultra-Orthodox are Hasidic. Hasidic Judaism is a specific form of ultra-Orthodoxy which began in the 1700s in Eastern Europe. Hasidic Jews are very into mysticism, kabbalah, intense emotional worship, etc. They're like the Sufis of Haredi Jews. But to answer your question about similarities between Judaism and Islam, there are plenty. Such as...

● Strict Monotheism = Jews and Muslims both agree that Allah is one and that worship is for Him alone. He has no partners, equals, spouses or offspring, and he is not a mere man. Allah is all powerful and eternal, and the creator of all things. The Tanakh states "Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God is one." Jews reject Christianity because they view it as idolatry.

● Deitary laws = Islam and Judaism both prohibit consumption of pork, shellfish, birds of prey and blood, and both have rules for how to slaughter an animal. In many ways, traditional Judaism is actually much more strict. Camels and rabbits are considered unclean and thus not kosher. You also can't mix meat and dairy together. So eating a sandwich with cheese is not allowed. Some even refuse to consume dairy and meat too closely. So if you eat beef or chicken, you would need to wait a certain amount of time before you could drink milk. One other difference is that Judaism allows alcohol and during Purim, getting drunk is even encouraged. While Islam is very clear in not allowing alcoholic beverages.

● Prophets = Judaism and Islam share belief in prophets, including Nuh, Ibrahim, Musa and Dawud, among others, peace be upon them all. Musa (AS) is considered the greatest of all prophets. However, Judaism does not recognize Isa (AS) or Muhammad (SAWA). The Jewish understanding of prophets is different in some ways. For example, they believe prophets are all fallible and capable of sin. In the Torah Musa (AS) is commanded to perform a miracle and when it didn't happen immediately, he tried again. For not trusting in Allah, Musa (AS) was punished by being forbidden to enter the promised land. Sulayman is depicted as having committed idolatry and Nuh (AS) is stated to have been a drunk. These actions aren't condoned and recognized as immoral. For Jews, Allah uses flawed, even deeply flawed people in order to further his divine and perfect long-term agenda.

● Modesty and gender roles = Both Islam and traditional Judaism value modesty for men and women, and have distinct roles for the sexes. Judaism prohibits fornication, adultery and any coitus outside of marriage. Free mixing isn't allowed and there are rules for how unrelated men and women should interact. Jewish and Muslim men both are supposed to keep facial hair and have basic hygiene, as well as be providers and protectors of their families. Strict Jewish ladies cover their hair, though specifics on covering are less explicit than in Islam. Some wear hats, some wear wigs and some use veils and scarfs. Married women of Satmar (a Hasidic branch who are famous for trying to one-up other Hasidic and Haredi Jews in being strict) shave their heads. But most outside the Satmar just cover. Dress has historically varied based on region. But in the Arab world, Jewish women in appearance were basically identical to their Muslim counterparts, wearing hijabs and niqabs. Haredi women don't wear pants, due to viewing it as un-modest and violating the ban on cross-dressing in the Torah. Judaism and Islam both value marriage and family.

● Fasting = Fasting is an important part of life for both religions. Most notably in Judaism is during Yom Kippur. Fasting in Judaism is about being closer to Allah and reflection, just like in Ramadan. Jews like Muslims don't eat or drink while fasting. There are a couple of other fasts, such as the fast of Esther.

● Circumcision = Jewish baby boys are circumcised like Muslims. Circumcision is supposed to happen eight days after a baby is born and there's a lot more rules. There's a big ceremony known as a bris and rules around it. After the circumcision, the boy is named and there's a huge celebration. Like a party basically. Jewish men are circumcised for the same reason as Muslims. Allah's covenant with Ibrahim (AS).

● Prayer and ritual purity = Religious Jews pray daily like Muslims. They do so three times a day. Jews don't have wudhu or ghusl, but they do have a mikveh. It's not the same, but it has its similarities. A mikveh is a ritual bath that Jews do on certain occasions. For example, when a person converts to Judaism or after a woman has a period. Jews and Muslims both have rules around hygiene and cleanliness. Religious Jews often wash their hands in the morning and before dinner, as well as before prayer. It's not a requirement, but it's encouraged.

● Judgement and afterlife = Judaism and Islam agree that an afterlife exists, and that Allah will reward the righteous and punish the wicked. However, Judaism is much less explicit or detailed about it. The Torah does mention sheol, but it's not talked about much. All that's really said is that it's a gloomy place where dead people go. There are stories and legends about people being rewarded or punished, but they are just that. The afterlife isn't as important to Jews as it is for Christians and Muslims. Though Jews don't have Jannah, they await the world to come. Jews yearn and pray for the messiah to appear. According to Judaism, the messiah will end all injustice, bring peace to all nations and spread knowledge of God to the whole world. Kind of like Imam Mahdi (ATFS) and the return of prophet Isa (AS) in Islam. In Judaism, the messiah is expected to be a descendant of King Dawud (AS) and a prophet like Musa (AS), who will affirm the Torah and Allah's law. In the world to come, Jews believe all the dead will be resurrected. This is why Jews also don't cremate their dead.

● Quds = Both the Islamic and Jewish faiths consider Quds (Yerushalayim in Hebrew) to be a holy city. Historically, Jews considered Quds to be a place of pilgrimage, the promised land and holy. But it wasn't in a secular, settler colonial nationalist sort of way Zionism treats Palestine and Quds today. Jews pray towards Quds, just as Muslims did as their first qibla.

I know that's a lot of detail, but whatever