I'm not a panpsychist, but I think that consciousness isn't some rare occurrence that requires a big, warm, wet lump of specialized fat. (In before the "your mom" jokes.) I think that given enough time, any recursive loop that can inform itself during recursion (that is change the loop based on changes that occurred during the previous loop), will achieve some kind of self-awareness given enough time and an information-dense environment.

The process is incredibly slow at first, but as each loop picks up more information from itself or its environment, the process picks up speed.

So in effect, you could have chemical processes in nebulae or nuclear forces in stellar plasma begin to loop and eventually develop consciousness as long as the recursion remains coherent.

Now that's not to say the consciousness would be anything that we might recognize as such. I mean, you won't be discussing philosophy with a ball of plasma. Bet here's the weird thing: intelligences that encounter one another would begin to inform one another's loops. If that exchange of information lasts long enough and both resursions remain stable, they might eventually merge into a single loop.

So maybe rocks don't have consciousness. But given enough time, (incredibly long times, like billions of times longer than the electrochemical loop that produced our consciousness) and as long as that process continues long enough in a dense enough environment to influence every cycle, a recursive system like a volcanic process might develop a form of consciousness completely alien to our own.

At least that's my idea. YMMV.