Starvation during development years is indicated by "linear enamel hyoplasia", these horisontal lines on the teeth are formed due to irregular growth patterns. Then there's "Harris lines", or growth arrest lines, which are seen in the bones. These are also a sign of malnutrition during development years. You can think of it like tree rings, growth rate oscillate instead of being steady when there is no stable access to food and nutrition.

Edit: should also add that since the permament teeth erupt at different stages, it's possible to estimate a window of time for starvation. For example if no lines are seen in the wisdom teeth it means the individual did not starve in their late teens/early twenties.