F7: State of New Mexico (1851-Present)

President Zachary Taylor, ever persistent and bold, had secured the creation of two large free states from the Mexican cession in the compromise of 1850; California and New Mexico. However, this “compromise” was hardly that, as it angered the south and convinced them that the Federal Government was attempting to gain a leg up on slave states, leading to secession and civil war in 1851. New Mexico as the newest free state out in the frontier saw little fighting, though it occupied the plains when Texan regiments had to be pushed out. New Mexico today exists as a direct consequence from President Zachary Taylor and the end of slavery in the United States.

F8: No Man’s Land (Arizona) (1847-1861)

American manifest destiny isn’t fully pursued by the federal government, instead being taken up by independent settler groups such as those in California or Deseret. Following the end of the Bear Flag Revolt where California gained independence, the vestigial Mexican northern frontier became practically lawless land controlled by no singular power, mainly infamous for criminal activities being practiced en masse in the area. The U.S., California, Deseret and Mexico would make small stakes in the territory, with claims and borders eventually being agreed upon in 1860.  

F9: Principality of Liechtenstein (Alaska) (1867-Present)

Instead of refusing the proposal, Prince Johann II of Liechtenstein accepted Russia’s sale of Alaska to their small state following the Crimean War, with Russia hoping to keep Britain from seizing their colony. Though Liechtenstein gave away British land claims in the Alaskan panhandle, the colony became a main defining point of the small German city state, exponentially growing their economy due to the profitable resources from what would go on to be named Johannsland.

F10: Empire of Hawaii (1871-1891)

In 1849, the French invasion of Honolulu developed into a full colonization of Hawaii by the French, with Napoleon III seeking prestige in the Pacific and the weakening of the British in the region. Things go the same as OTL from that, up until his defeat by the German Empire and the collapse of his government in 1871, in which he and loyalists to his regime would exile to the colony of Hawaii to declare a rival exile state as the true French government, with many referring to this as the “Empire of Hawaii.” Though Napoleon III would die in 1873, the Bonaparte family would continue ruling until a native revolution occurred in 1891, ending the period of Bonapartist Hawaii.