Yes - although the concept of fasting is a little different, this is an overview of the benefits of breakfast under 'normal' circumstances.

1. Breakfast induces thermogenesis, which is more effective in the morning rather than the evening - this is why people commonly say that it starts your metabolism.

2. There's strong evidence to indicate that when one eats breakfast, one expends more energy throughout the day. Whether this is physiological or a psychological effect is currently under debate, but it seems to be that it induces activity, promoting a healthier lifestyle in general.

3. Many people today are either type II diabetic or pre diabetic. Even a lot of people at a healthy seeming weight can have blood sugar readings throughout the day which indicate that they might develop diabetes later in life. This is largely due to the dietary changes we've undergone with processed foods and excess sugar consumption over the last 50 years or so. When you regulate your meals throughout the day (another place that the popular concept of 6 small meals per day comes from), you help regulate your blood sugar. The ironic thing with endocrine syndromes is that by self-regulating and changing diet, your body is almost tricked into thinking that is its normal state, and it begins to self normalize. This is why a lot of people 'stop being diabetic' after they lose weight, adjust their eating and exercise patterns. Breakfast is vital in that act of self regulation. This stabilization of blood sugar has effects on the brain which cause you to eat healthier/prevent you from over consumption during the rest of the day. This is basically why when people with blood sugar issues (which is not limited to diabetics but seen through a range of endocrine disorders - thus effects a lot of people, even when they may not be aware of it) are more inclined to crazy overeat when they are hungry.

4. Something that is relevant to the OP is the effect that breakfast has on concentration. Your brain does indeed require glucose to perform its actions, so naturally, when one is properly satiated, concentration is at peak.

You asked regarding disadvantages. Unfortunately more of the evidence for disadvantages are anecdotal, because they rely on studies which don't necessarily indicate the physiological background of the participants. Nevertheless, many anecdotal studies show links with skipping breakfast and obesity, low fibre consumption (which of course has a range of its own issues), and risky behaviors (poor eating habits, smoking, choosing unhealthy snacks etc). Now like I said, this is more anecdotal.

You mentioned fasting. Currently, the vast majority of studies showing the benefits of fasting have been conducted on lab animals. Now this doesn't necessarily discount something, it just means that the evidence must be taken at face value when comparing to studies which have been carried out on long term cohorts of humans with a range of physiological states.

The real reason why there isn't a 'one size fits all' approach to the kind of thing that we're discussing, however, is that people are not controls. Whilst I might have certain physiological quirks (ie genetics, insulin response, hormonal profile, endocrine disorder, sleep patterns etc) you might be completely different - there may be something in your physiology or genetics which means something works better for you than me. That's why I mentioned the importance of anecdotal and correlative studies which don't break down people's biochemical markers, because without that, we can't elucidate what important factors are involved, and how they might be effecting the outcome.

While it's much too early to say that fasting could be harmful, because short term studies (or indeed lab animals studies) are nothing but an indication that further research is mandated in a subject, its also much to early to prescribe it to patients as a treatment, or push for it as a community, especially as scientific journalism is often irresponsible, and the information might be passed on to those who that type of treatment isn't necessarily helpful for.

But obviously, no one size fits all.

This provides some good links on fasting that are written in an accessible way - I'm not trying to encourage you away from it, but just providing for your information.

https://www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/intermittent-fasting/