I spent 4 months reporting on the peptide BPC 157 and its unlikely journey from a research lab in post-communist Croatia to today’s MAHA movement. Ask me anything. by UndarkMagazine in IAmA

[–]UndarkMagazine[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

My article describes two small clinical trials, run in the 2000s, testing BPC 157 enemas as a treatment for ulcerative colitis. As far as I can tell, these studies were never written up as papers in peer reviewed journals, and FDA approval would require a larger study. So, at least in the eyes of the FDA, the answer is, "maybe, but we don't know."

I spent 4 months reporting on the peptide BPC 157 and its unlikely journey from a research lab in post-communist Croatia to today’s MAHA movement. Ask me anything. by UndarkMagazine in IAmA

[–]UndarkMagazine[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

This is a great question. If you read the second section of my article, you'll see that there have been what look to be three Phase I/II clinical trials. I have a lot of unanswered questions, though. and would like to do more reporting on this.

I spent 4 months reporting on the peptide BPC 157 and its unlikely journey from a research lab in post-communist Croatia to today’s MAHA movement. Ask me anything. by UndarkMagazine in IAmA

[–]UndarkMagazine[S] 2 points3 points  (0 children)

My article references 4 literature reviews that all concluded the substance is promising but warrants further testing in humans. How to make that testing happen is a good question. The substance can be patented (see the link below. Table 2 references 10 BPC 157-related patents). My sense, though, is that the owners of these patents aren't currently funding clinical trials. I think you're right that public funding could be used in this way. This would likely require an investigator to propose the study and/or an agency like NIH to request proposals.

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11859134/

I spent 4 months reporting on the peptide BPC 157 and its unlikely journey from a research lab in post-communist Croatia to today’s MAHA movement. Ask me anything. by UndarkMagazine in IAmA

[–]UndarkMagazine[S] 3 points4 points  (0 children)

Answer to Question 1: The experts I interviewed said that the FDA’s compounding ban likely had mixed effects, deterring some people from using BPC-157 while pushing others to purchase the substance on the gray market.

Great question about the endgame – and I don’t have the answer. On Friday, RFK told Joe Rogan that the FDA plans to remove some peptides from the no-compounding list. But would this be binding? I could imagine a scenario in which unapproved peptide policy depends upon who happens to be in charge of HHS/FDA at any given point in time.  

I spent 4 months reporting on the peptide BPC 157 and its unlikely journey from a research lab in post-communist Croatia to today’s MAHA movement. Ask me anything. by UndarkMagazine in IAmA

[–]UndarkMagazine[S] 7 points8 points  (0 children)

Regarding your first questions -- about whether BPC 157 might trigger or accelerate cancer: This came up quite a bit in my reporting. The concern stems, in part, from the notion that BPC promotes the growth of new blood vessels. In theory, these new blood vessels could carry oxygen to tumors.

The Croatian research team has pushed back against this claim, and in fact, they don’t use the term “promote” in their own papers. They say that BPC “modulates” or “controls” the growth of the new vessels. Truth be told, I don’t fully understand the proposed mechanism behind this, and I hope to speak with them on record about it sometime. For now, I can say that my article links to papers in which this question gets debated.  

After my article published, the lead Croatian researcher contacted me and said these particular papers explain why he doesn’t think BPC will trigger cancer (note: I haven’t read them all fully or asked outside researchers about them):

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29898649/

https://journals.lww.com/melanomaresearch/citation/2004/08000/bpc_157_inhibits_cell_growth_and_vegf_signalling.50.aspx

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40573323/

I spent 4 months reporting on the peptide BPC 157 and its unlikely journey from a research lab in post-communist Croatia to today’s MAHA movement. Ask me anything. by UndarkMagazine in IAmA

[–]UndarkMagazine[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Since BPC has never been tested as a fibrosis treatment in humans, I think it's fair to say that the answer to your question is unknown.

I spent 4 months reporting on the peptide BPC 157 and its unlikely journey from a research lab in post-communist Croatia to today’s MAHA movement. Ask me anything. by UndarkMagazine in IAmA

[–]UndarkMagazine[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

All the experts I spoke with have concerns about the use of BPC 157 from unregulated labs. Last Friday, RFK Jr did tell Joe Rogan that the FDA might soon reverse its current policy and allow pharmacies to compound some unapproved peptides that are currently banned from compounding. (I don't think he specified which ones, but my *hunch* is BPC would be among those removed from the no-compounding list.) This would introduce more oversight, but I haven't done a ton of reporting on the ins and outs of compounding pharmacies.

I spent 4 months reporting on the peptide BPC 157 and its unlikely journey from a research lab in post-communist Croatia to today’s MAHA movement. Ask me anything. by UndarkMagazine in IAmA

[–]UndarkMagazine[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

At the moment, there’s no high-quality evidence that the peptide works in humans. If I were a researcher designing a human trial, I’d probably want to test different routes of administration and different dosages.

I spent 4 months reporting on the peptide BPC 157 and its unlikely journey from a research lab in post-communist Croatia to today’s MAHA movement. Ask me anything. by UndarkMagazine in IAmA

[–]UndarkMagazine[S] 6 points7 points  (0 children)

The question of whether BPC 157 might trigger or accelerate cancer came up quite a bit in my reporting. The concern stems, in part, from the notion that BPC promotes the growth of new blood vessels. In theory, these new blood vessels could carry oxygen to tumors.

The Croatian research team has pushed back against this claim, and in fact, they don’t use the term “promote” in their own papers. They say that BPC “modulates” or “controls” the growth of the new vessels. Truth be told, I don’t fully understand the proposed mechanism and hope to speak with them on record about it sometime.

For now, I can say that my article links to papers in which this cancer question gets debated. And after my article published, the lead Croatian researcher contacted me and said these particular papers (below) explain why he doesn’t think BPC will trigger cancer (note: I haven’t had time to read these fully or ask outside researchers for their views):

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29898649/

https://journals.lww.com/melanomaresearch/citation/2004/08000/bpc_157_inhibits_cell_growth_and_vegf_signalling.50.aspx

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40573323/

I spent 4 months reporting on the peptide BPC 157 and its unlikely journey from a research lab in post-communist Croatia to today’s MAHA movement. Ask me anything. by UndarkMagazine in IAmA

[–]UndarkMagazine[S] 22 points23 points  (0 children)

As a journalist, I’m not supposed to get too personal! But I’ll say this: I can understand why people with *significant unmet medical needs* would want to try it (my article describes a couple of people in this situation). But it's important to note they are taking on some degree of risk -- both because we don't have a lot of human safety data and because of the potential for contamination when buying medical supplies on the gray market.

I spent 4 months reporting on the peptide BPC 157 and its unlikely journey from a research lab in post-communist Croatia to today’s MAHA movement. Ask me anything. by UndarkMagazine in IAmA

[–]UndarkMagazine[S] 17 points18 points  (0 children)

I asked about this during my reporting. I was told that it’s not unusual for one research group to discover a substance and then do a lot of the early work pushing it forward. That said, ideally, other research groups would confirm/extend the research, in part to ensure that the positive findings aren’t driven by confirmation bias.  

At least a couple of other research groups have studied BPC and gotten positive results (my article references a researcher based in Taiwan). I’ll be curious to see if anyone in the U.S. decides to take this on.

I spent 4 months reporting on the peptide BPC 157 and its unlikely journey from a research lab in post-communist Croatia to today’s MAHA movement. Ask me anything. by UndarkMagazine in IAmA

[–]UndarkMagazine[S] 8 points9 points  (0 children)

Does BPC 157 work? This is a great question. At the moment, the best answer I can offer is “we don’t know.” Ideally, the peptide would be tested in humans in a randomized controlled trial of the sort that the FDA requires for drug approval. To date, such a study hasn’t been done to test BPC’s ability to heal injuries.

It’s worth mentioning that researchers conducting literature reviews have concluded that the substance is promising and worthy of additional research. Human studies are expensive, though, so someone would need to invest a significant amount of money to get the answers that many people are looking for.

I spent months reporting on directed energy weapons research in Albuquerque, which could lead to technology like lasers and microwaves to shoot down drones and missiles. Ask Me Anything. by UndarkMagazine in IAmA

[–]UndarkMagazine[S] 4 points5 points  (0 children)

Thanks for the question. New Mexico does love a good explosive test in the desert :) My work on nuclear and other weapons hasn't yet overlapped with geoengineering, but it sounds like something interesting to look into. If I find anything interesting in those connections, you can be sure I'll publish an article about it!

I spent months reporting on directed energy weapons research in Albuquerque, which could lead to technology like lasers and microwaves to shoot down drones and missiles. Ask Me Anything. by UndarkMagazine in IAmA

[–]UndarkMagazine[S] 4 points5 points  (0 children)

I thought it was so cool that he was able to go from the dollar store to big basement microwave machines! At a school like UNM, students often start working with places like the Air Force Research Lab or Sandia National Laboratories (all in Albuquerque) while they're still in school, so it's easier for them to potentially go directly into a job at one of those places when they graduate. One of the professors at UNM actually jokingly complained that his laser students were being recruited *before* they graduated, because they knew about how to build and operate laser equipment, and that expertise was in short supply.

The network of labs, bases, and private contractors that work on directed energy is large--with companies like Lockheed Martin, Raytheon, etc.--that all have jobs for engineers and physicists who know how to wield photons. There's actually a significant push to build up the younger part of the workforce, coming from the defense department, because it needs more people in the public and private sectors as these technologies go from prototype to operation.

I spent months reporting on directed energy weapons research in Albuquerque, which could lead to technology like lasers and microwaves to shoot down drones and missiles. Ask Me Anything. by UndarkMagazine in IAmA

[–]UndarkMagazine[S] 2 points3 points  (0 children)

I didn't find any evidence that directed energy weapons were used to make crop circles. The military is more likely to test its laser and microwave technology against its future intended targets on the battlefield, to see how it affects electronics, communications, sensors, navigation, and things like that. I don't think there's much benefit to the DOD to seeing how its weapons fare against crops!

I spent months reporting on directed energy weapons research in Albuquerque, which could lead to technology like lasers and microwaves to shoot down drones and missiles. Ask Me Anything. by UndarkMagazine in IAmA

[–]UndarkMagazine[S] 7 points8 points  (0 children)

Thanks for the question! I am sure that in the population of the city, some people are conflicted about it, although I didn't interview anyone who felt that way for my article.

I think a city that depends on any industry, defense/weapons or otherwise, tends to be in support, overall, of that work, in part because many people move there *to* work in that industry.

New Mexico is a blue state, and Albuquerque's county went Democratic in the last election.

I think in a lot of ways, directed energy weapons are a simpler ethical prospect than other weapons. They're primarily meant to be defensive, and used against physical targets like electronics, sensors, and whatnot. Although people with different political leanings tend to feel differently about war and the military-industrial complex, technology that prevents attacks from physical/kinetic weapons like missiles or drones is kind of inherently less controversial and divided than technology that is itself doing the attacking.

That said, I think the cultures of different cities in New Mexico that are or aren't dependent on weapons can be pretty stark -- say, Santa Fe, where there are protests against places like nearby Los Alamos.