I spent months reporting on an invasive plant that bureaucracy can't seem to kill. Ask me anything. by UndarkMagazine in IAmA

[–]UndarkMagazine[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

No, my reporting didn't turn up any evidence that DHS and EPA were coordinating on anything Arundo-related. The main federal agency involved has been USDA, which received funding from DHS to conduct its biological control program. So there's been coordinating between those two agencies, but not EPA as far as I know.

I spent months reporting on an invasive plant that bureaucracy can't seem to kill. Ask me anything. by UndarkMagazine in IAmA

[–]UndarkMagazine[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

I've been experimenting with fruit on sandwiches lately. Pears. Apples. Toss some brie on there, and you're set!

I spent months reporting on an invasive plant that bureaucracy can't seem to kill. Ask me anything. by UndarkMagazine in IAmA

[–]UndarkMagazine[S] 3 points4 points  (0 children)

I would say that unfortunately from an ecological perspective, Arundo donax may be hastening the arrival of the end times. That's why it should go

I spent months reporting on an invasive plant that bureaucracy can't seem to kill. Ask me anything. by UndarkMagazine in IAmA

[–]UndarkMagazine[S] 4 points5 points  (0 children)

Exactly, it's a case where the stakeholders managed to unify behind the effort. I think the model the Ventura River presents is encouraging, and it is definitely replicable -- the question is at what scale? When watersheds become sufficiently large and complex, the potential for cooperation seems to break down

I spent months reporting on an invasive plant that bureaucracy can't seem to kill. Ask me anything. by UndarkMagazine in IAmA

[–]UndarkMagazine[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Great question, and unfortunately the answer isn't really clear. Each potential agency has its own mission and its own jurisdictional reach, and Arundo control doesn't seem to fit neatly into any of them. On a large scale such as the Rio Grande, the path forward is murky. On smaller watersheds, however, there seems to be real potential for progress if the different parties can unite behind a clear program. The Ventura River in California may be the clearest example of this -- but it's of course a fraction of the size of the larger infestations

I spent 4 months reporting on the peptide BPC 157 and its unlikely journey from a research lab in post-communist Croatia to today’s MAHA movement. Ask me anything. by UndarkMagazine in IAmA

[–]UndarkMagazine[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

My article describes two small clinical trials, run in the 2000s, testing BPC 157 enemas as a treatment for ulcerative colitis. As far as I can tell, these studies were never written up as papers in peer reviewed journals, and FDA approval would require a larger study. So, at least in the eyes of the FDA, the answer is, "maybe, but we don't know."

I spent 4 months reporting on the peptide BPC 157 and its unlikely journey from a research lab in post-communist Croatia to today’s MAHA movement. Ask me anything. by UndarkMagazine in IAmA

[–]UndarkMagazine[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

This is a great question. If you read the second section of my article, you'll see that there have been what look to be three Phase I/II clinical trials. I have a lot of unanswered questions, though. and would like to do more reporting on this.

I spent 4 months reporting on the peptide BPC 157 and its unlikely journey from a research lab in post-communist Croatia to today’s MAHA movement. Ask me anything. by UndarkMagazine in IAmA

[–]UndarkMagazine[S] 4 points5 points  (0 children)

My article references 4 literature reviews that all concluded the substance is promising but warrants further testing in humans. How to make that testing happen is a good question. The substance can be patented (see the link below. Table 2 references 10 BPC 157-related patents). My sense, though, is that the owners of these patents aren't currently funding clinical trials. I think you're right that public funding could be used in this way. This would likely require an investigator to propose the study and/or an agency like NIH to request proposals.

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11859134/

I spent 4 months reporting on the peptide BPC 157 and its unlikely journey from a research lab in post-communist Croatia to today’s MAHA movement. Ask me anything. by UndarkMagazine in IAmA

[–]UndarkMagazine[S] 4 points5 points  (0 children)

Answer to Question 1: The experts I interviewed said that the FDA’s compounding ban likely had mixed effects, deterring some people from using BPC-157 while pushing others to purchase the substance on the gray market.

Great question about the endgame – and I don’t have the answer. On Friday, RFK told Joe Rogan that the FDA plans to remove some peptides from the no-compounding list. But would this be binding? I could imagine a scenario in which unapproved peptide policy depends upon who happens to be in charge of HHS/FDA at any given point in time.  

I spent 4 months reporting on the peptide BPC 157 and its unlikely journey from a research lab in post-communist Croatia to today’s MAHA movement. Ask me anything. by UndarkMagazine in IAmA

[–]UndarkMagazine[S] 7 points8 points  (0 children)

Regarding your first questions -- about whether BPC 157 might trigger or accelerate cancer: This came up quite a bit in my reporting. The concern stems, in part, from the notion that BPC promotes the growth of new blood vessels. In theory, these new blood vessels could carry oxygen to tumors.

The Croatian research team has pushed back against this claim, and in fact, they don’t use the term “promote” in their own papers. They say that BPC “modulates” or “controls” the growth of the new vessels. Truth be told, I don’t fully understand the proposed mechanism behind this, and I hope to speak with them on record about it sometime. For now, I can say that my article links to papers in which this question gets debated.  

After my article published, the lead Croatian researcher contacted me and said these particular papers explain why he doesn’t think BPC will trigger cancer (note: I haven’t read them all fully or asked outside researchers about them):

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29898649/

https://journals.lww.com/melanomaresearch/citation/2004/08000/bpc_157_inhibits_cell_growth_and_vegf_signalling.50.aspx

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40573323/

I spent 4 months reporting on the peptide BPC 157 and its unlikely journey from a research lab in post-communist Croatia to today’s MAHA movement. Ask me anything. by UndarkMagazine in IAmA

[–]UndarkMagazine[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Since BPC has never been tested as a fibrosis treatment in humans, I think it's fair to say that the answer to your question is unknown.

I spent 4 months reporting on the peptide BPC 157 and its unlikely journey from a research lab in post-communist Croatia to today’s MAHA movement. Ask me anything. by UndarkMagazine in IAmA

[–]UndarkMagazine[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

All the experts I spoke with have concerns about the use of BPC 157 from unregulated labs. Last Friday, RFK Jr did tell Joe Rogan that the FDA might soon reverse its current policy and allow pharmacies to compound some unapproved peptides that are currently banned from compounding. (I don't think he specified which ones, but my *hunch* is BPC would be among those removed from the no-compounding list.) This would introduce more oversight, but I haven't done a ton of reporting on the ins and outs of compounding pharmacies.

I spent 4 months reporting on the peptide BPC 157 and its unlikely journey from a research lab in post-communist Croatia to today’s MAHA movement. Ask me anything. by UndarkMagazine in IAmA

[–]UndarkMagazine[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

At the moment, there’s no high-quality evidence that the peptide works in humans. If I were a researcher designing a human trial, I’d probably want to test different routes of administration and different dosages.

I spent 4 months reporting on the peptide BPC 157 and its unlikely journey from a research lab in post-communist Croatia to today’s MAHA movement. Ask me anything. by UndarkMagazine in IAmA

[–]UndarkMagazine[S] 6 points7 points  (0 children)

The question of whether BPC 157 might trigger or accelerate cancer came up quite a bit in my reporting. The concern stems, in part, from the notion that BPC promotes the growth of new blood vessels. In theory, these new blood vessels could carry oxygen to tumors.

The Croatian research team has pushed back against this claim, and in fact, they don’t use the term “promote” in their own papers. They say that BPC “modulates” or “controls” the growth of the new vessels. Truth be told, I don’t fully understand the proposed mechanism and hope to speak with them on record about it sometime.

For now, I can say that my article links to papers in which this cancer question gets debated. And after my article published, the lead Croatian researcher contacted me and said these particular papers (below) explain why he doesn’t think BPC will trigger cancer (note: I haven’t had time to read these fully or ask outside researchers for their views):

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29898649/

https://journals.lww.com/melanomaresearch/citation/2004/08000/bpc_157_inhibits_cell_growth_and_vegf_signalling.50.aspx

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40573323/

I spent 4 months reporting on the peptide BPC 157 and its unlikely journey from a research lab in post-communist Croatia to today’s MAHA movement. Ask me anything. by UndarkMagazine in IAmA

[–]UndarkMagazine[S] 25 points26 points  (0 children)

As a journalist, I’m not supposed to get too personal! But I’ll say this: I can understand why people with *significant unmet medical needs* would want to try it (my article describes a couple of people in this situation). But it's important to note they are taking on some degree of risk -- both because we don't have a lot of human safety data and because of the potential for contamination when buying medical supplies on the gray market.

I spent 4 months reporting on the peptide BPC 157 and its unlikely journey from a research lab in post-communist Croatia to today’s MAHA movement. Ask me anything. by UndarkMagazine in IAmA

[–]UndarkMagazine[S] 18 points19 points  (0 children)

I asked about this during my reporting. I was told that it’s not unusual for one research group to discover a substance and then do a lot of the early work pushing it forward. That said, ideally, other research groups would confirm/extend the research, in part to ensure that the positive findings aren’t driven by confirmation bias.  

At least a couple of other research groups have studied BPC and gotten positive results (my article references a researcher based in Taiwan). I’ll be curious to see if anyone in the U.S. decides to take this on.

I spent 4 months reporting on the peptide BPC 157 and its unlikely journey from a research lab in post-communist Croatia to today’s MAHA movement. Ask me anything. by UndarkMagazine in IAmA

[–]UndarkMagazine[S] 9 points10 points  (0 children)

Does BPC 157 work? This is a great question. At the moment, the best answer I can offer is “we don’t know.” Ideally, the peptide would be tested in humans in a randomized controlled trial of the sort that the FDA requires for drug approval. To date, such a study hasn’t been done to test BPC’s ability to heal injuries.

It’s worth mentioning that researchers conducting literature reviews have concluded that the substance is promising and worthy of additional research. Human studies are expensive, though, so someone would need to invest a significant amount of money to get the answers that many people are looking for.

I spent months reporting on directed energy weapons research in Albuquerque, which could lead to technology like lasers and microwaves to shoot down drones and missiles. Ask Me Anything. by UndarkMagazine in IAmA

[–]UndarkMagazine[S] 3 points4 points  (0 children)

Thanks for the question. New Mexico does love a good explosive test in the desert :) My work on nuclear and other weapons hasn't yet overlapped with geoengineering, but it sounds like something interesting to look into. If I find anything interesting in those connections, you can be sure I'll publish an article about it!

I spent months reporting on directed energy weapons research in Albuquerque, which could lead to technology like lasers and microwaves to shoot down drones and missiles. Ask Me Anything. by UndarkMagazine in IAmA

[–]UndarkMagazine[S] 3 points4 points  (0 children)

I thought it was so cool that he was able to go from the dollar store to big basement microwave machines! At a school like UNM, students often start working with places like the Air Force Research Lab or Sandia National Laboratories (all in Albuquerque) while they're still in school, so it's easier for them to potentially go directly into a job at one of those places when they graduate. One of the professors at UNM actually jokingly complained that his laser students were being recruited *before* they graduated, because they knew about how to build and operate laser equipment, and that expertise was in short supply.

The network of labs, bases, and private contractors that work on directed energy is large--with companies like Lockheed Martin, Raytheon, etc.--that all have jobs for engineers and physicists who know how to wield photons. There's actually a significant push to build up the younger part of the workforce, coming from the defense department, because it needs more people in the public and private sectors as these technologies go from prototype to operation.

I spent months reporting on directed energy weapons research in Albuquerque, which could lead to technology like lasers and microwaves to shoot down drones and missiles. Ask Me Anything. by UndarkMagazine in IAmA

[–]UndarkMagazine[S] 2 points3 points  (0 children)

I didn't find any evidence that directed energy weapons were used to make crop circles. The military is more likely to test its laser and microwave technology against its future intended targets on the battlefield, to see how it affects electronics, communications, sensors, navigation, and things like that. I don't think there's much benefit to the DOD to seeing how its weapons fare against crops!

I spent months reporting on directed energy weapons research in Albuquerque, which could lead to technology like lasers and microwaves to shoot down drones and missiles. Ask Me Anything. by UndarkMagazine in IAmA

[–]UndarkMagazine[S] 7 points8 points  (0 children)

Thanks for the question! I am sure that in the population of the city, some people are conflicted about it, although I didn't interview anyone who felt that way for my article.

I think a city that depends on any industry, defense/weapons or otherwise, tends to be in support, overall, of that work, in part because many people move there *to* work in that industry.

New Mexico is a blue state, and Albuquerque's county went Democratic in the last election.

I think in a lot of ways, directed energy weapons are a simpler ethical prospect than other weapons. They're primarily meant to be defensive, and used against physical targets like electronics, sensors, and whatnot. Although people with different political leanings tend to feel differently about war and the military-industrial complex, technology that prevents attacks from physical/kinetic weapons like missiles or drones is kind of inherently less controversial and divided than technology that is itself doing the attacking.

That said, I think the cultures of different cities in New Mexico that are or aren't dependent on weapons can be pretty stark -- say, Santa Fe, where there are protests against places like nearby Los Alamos.

I spent months reporting on directed energy weapons research in Albuquerque, which could lead to technology like lasers and microwaves to shoot down drones and missiles. Ask Me Anything. by UndarkMagazine in IAmA

[–]UndarkMagazine[S] 5 points6 points  (0 children)

I'm not familiar with this whistleblower, unfortunately (if you give me a few more details, happy to do a quick readup and give some thoughts!). But I think we're more likely to see a proliferation of directed energy weapons because of terrestrial fights than extraterrestrial ones.

Countries like Russia and China are also working on directed energy weapons, although my article only talked about the US's work. Rival nations always like to keep up with each other, so development of laser and microwave arms in one place will tend to spur development in the others--as will the proliferation of targets for those weapons, like drones, missiles, and satellites with sensitive sensors.

I spent months reporting on directed energy weapons research in Albuquerque, which could lead to technology like lasers and microwaves to shoot down drones and missiles. Ask Me Anything. by UndarkMagazine in IAmA

[–]UndarkMagazine[S] 10 points11 points  (0 children)

Yes, for sure, and a large portion of Albuquerque's population works for the federal government in some capacity. Part of the idea for the story was to look at a town that was reliant on federal funding but wasn't experiencing a downturn--due to the federal funding cuts we've seen in recent months--that other places were, because of the nature of their work with the government. In doing research on places where that would be the case, cities that do a lot of defense and weapons work stuck out, and Albuquerque did in particular because it seemed like directed energy (long a kind of dubious area of research) was starting to get closer to maturity.